Airspace Encounter Models for Estimating Collision Risk

Kochenderfer, Mykel J.; Edwards, Matthew; Espindle, Leo P.; Kuchar, James K.; Griffith, James

doi:10.2514/1.44867

Cited by 130 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It should be emphasized, however, that the simple model was designed to stress test the logic, not provide accurate estimates of performance in the current airspace. High fidelity encounter models based on recorded surveillance data have been developed for this purpose, and future studies will evaluate the DP logic on these models [9]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decision-theoretic approach to developing robust collision avoidance logic

Kochenderfer

Chryssanthacopoulos

2010

13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All large transport aircraft are required to be equipped with a collision avoidance system that instructs pilots how to maneuver to avoid collision with other aircraft. The uncertainty in the behavior of the intruding aircraft makes developing a robust collision avoidance logic challenging. This paper presents an automated approach for optimizing collision avoidance logic based on probabilistic models of aircraft behavior and a performance metric that balances the competing objectives of maximizing safety and minimizing alert rate. The approach involves framing the problem of collision avoidance as a Markov decision process that is solved using dynamic programming. Although this paper focuses on airborne collision avoidance for manned aircraft, the methods may be applied to collision avoidance for other categories of vehicles, both manned and unmanned.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decision-theoretic approach to developing robust collision avoidance logic

Kochenderfer

Chryssanthacopoulos

2010

13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Improved encounter models are becoming available [7]. These take better account of various types of airspace and aircraft.…”

Section: Standards Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and tradeoffs in Sense & Avoid for Unmanned Aircraft

Zeitlin

2010

2010 IEEE International Systems Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Sense & Avoid (S&A) function for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is complex due to the various responsibilities transferred from an onboard human pilot. Standards are normally developed to assist applicants with equipment certification. For this function, the standards process is unusually complex due to varied architectures and applications. Tradeoffs are discussed among S&A subfunctions and the standards process is described.

show abstract

“…• A novel scenario generation process of potential collisions was proposed. The only input of this model is the aircraft trajectory and the number of intruder aircraft, while the inputs of most other encounter models (Netjasov et al, 2013;Kochenderfer et al, 2010;Billingsley et al,2009;Tang et al, 2014) are the initial states (e.g., trajectories) of all involved aircraft for the analysis of particular traffic geometries. In contrast, the proposed model presented in this paper aims to generate the potential collision scenarios for a certain number of aircraft, based on the trajectory of just one instance representative aircraft, rather than to test whether a multi-aircraft scenario contains a potential collision or not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kochenderfer et al (2010), they described a methodology for producing an encounter model construction based on a Bayesian statistical framework, and they used the model to evaluate the safety of collision avoidance systems for manned and unmanned aircraft. Kuchar et al (2004) attempted to use a fault tree to model the outer-loop system failures or events that, in turn, define the environment for a fast-time Monte Carlo inner-loop simulation of a close encounter.…”

Section: Encounter Model Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coloured Petri net-based traffic collision avoidance system encounter model for the analysis of potential induced collisions

Tang

Piera

Guasch

2016

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is a world-wide accepted lastresort means of reducing the probability and frequency of mid-air collisions between aircraft. Unfortunately, it is widely known that in congested airspace, the use of the TCAS may actually lead to induced collisions. Therefore, further research regarding TCAS logic is required. In this paper, an encounter model is formalised to identify all of the potential collision scenarios that can be induced by a resolution advisory that was generated previously by the TCAS without considering the downstream consequences in the surrounding traffic. The existing encounter models focus on checking and validating the potential collisions between trajectories of a specific scenario. In contrast, the innovative approach described in this paper concentrates on quantitative analysis of the different induced collision scenarios that could be reached for a given initial trajectory and a rough specification of the surrounding traffic. This approach provides valuable information at the operational level. Furthermore, the proposed encounter model can be used as a test-bed to evaluate future TCAS logic changes to mitigate potential induced collisions in hot spot volumes. In addition, the encounter model is described by means of the coloured Petri net (CPN) formalism. The resulting state space provides a deep understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship that each TCAS action proposed to avoid an actual collision with a potential new collision in the surrounding traffic. Quantitative simulation results are conducted to validate the proposed encounter model, and the resulting collision scenarios are summarised as valuable information for future air traffic management (ATM) systems.

show abstract

Airspace Encounter Models for Estimating Collision Risk

Cited by 130 publications

References 14 publications

A decision-theoretic approach to developing robust collision avoidance logic

A decision-theoretic approach to developing robust collision avoidance logic

Issues and tradeoffs in Sense & Avoid for Unmanned Aircraft

Coloured Petri net-based traffic collision avoidance system encounter model for the analysis of potential induced collisions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Airspace Encounter Models for Estimating Collision Risk

Cited by 130 publications

References 14 publications

A decision-theoretic approach to developing robust collision avoidance logic

A decision-theoretic approach to developing robust collision avoidance logic

Issues and tradeoffs in Sense &#x00026; Avoid for Unmanned Aircraft

Coloured Petri net-based traffic collision avoidance system encounter model for the analysis of potential induced collisions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Issues and tradeoffs in Sense & Avoid for Unmanned Aircraft