Airway immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in COPD patients and healthy subjects

Southworth, Thomas; Jackson, Natalie; Singh, Dave

doi:10.1183/13993003.00497-2022

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a study of sputum samples collected >2 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, also no antigen-specific IgA antibodies were detected in sputum from healthy controls and COPD patients, although antigen-specific IgA antibodies were increased in plasma. 17 In an analysis of IgA kinetics in serum, throat swabs, and sputum samples from coronavirus disease 2019 patients, it was found that while antigen-specific IgA antibodies in serum were high 15 to 21 days from disease onset and remained stable, in the throat swabs and sputum IgA antibodies peaked at 8 to 14 days and waned after that. 18 A similar, temporary increase in antigen-specific IgA was observed in nasal epithelial lining fluid at day 15 after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of adults from the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung mucosal immunity to NTHi vaccine antigens: Antibodies in sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Baffetta,

Buonsanti,

Moraschini

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory illness in older adults. A major cause of COPD-related morbidity and mortality is acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Bacteria in the lungs play a role in exacerbation development, and the most common pathogen is non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). A vaccine to prevent AECOPD containing NTHi surface antigens was tested in a clinical trial. This study measured IgG and IgA against NTHi vaccine antigens in sputum. Sputum samples from 40 COPD patients vaccinated with the NTHi vaccine were collected at baseline and 30 days after the second dose. IgG and IgA antibodies against the target antigens and albumin were analyzed in the sputum. We compared antibody signals before and after vaccination, analyzed correlation with disease severity and between sputum and serum samples, and assessed transudation. Antigen-specific IgG were absent before vaccination and present with high titers after vaccination. Antigen-specific IgA before and after vaccination were low but significantly different for two antigens. IgG correlated between sputum and serum, and between sputum and disease severity. Sputum albumin was higher in patients with severe COPD than in those with moderate COPD, suggesting changes in transudation played a role. We demonstrated that immunization with the NTHi vaccine induces antigen-specific antibodies in sputum. The correlation between IgG from sputum and serum and the presence of albumin in the sputum of severe COPD patients suggested transudation of antibodies from the serum to the lungs, although local IgG production could not be excluded. Clinical Trial Registration : NCT02075541

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung mucosal immunity to NTHi vaccine antigens: Antibodies in sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Baffetta,

Buonsanti,

Moraschini

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…However, all approved vaccines show fully reliable and promising levels of efficacy (50). The humoral and cellular immune responses of COPD patients to COVID-19 vaccination were similar to those of healthy controls, ensuring that current vaccines elicit the desired immune response in COPD despite the presence of immune dysregulation (51). A preprint 2021 study suggests that those who receive the full vaccine series (i.e., 3 vaccines) are three times less likely to acquire a new COVID-19 infection (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First booster dose uptake of COVID-19 vaccine and disease-related factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—a cross-sectional survey in Hungary

Fekete¹,

Horváth²,

Santa³

et al. 2023

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), uptake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccine is important, as they are more likely to develop serious complications. Our aim was to investigate the uptake rate of first booster vaccination against COVID-19 among COPD patients and to identify other related factors of vaccine uptake. Methods: We conducted a multicenter survey of COPD patients in Hungary by region: eastern, western and central ones from 15 November 2021. Respiratory function test results, anthropometric data and vaccination status were recorded for 1510 randomly selected patients over 35 years of age. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with uptake of COVID-19 first booster dose vaccines.Results: The average age was 67 [61-72] years, for men it was: 67 [62-73] and 66 [60-72] years for women, with a sample of 47.95% men and 52.05% women. The uptake rate of the COVID-19 first booster vaccine during the study period was 62.45%. Comparing patients who received the 3rd vaccine with those who did not receive the 3rd vaccine, the difference was significant in quality of life: COPD Assessment Test (CAT):16 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] vs. 14 [10-19], P<0.001, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale: 2 [2-2] vs. 2 [1-2], P=0.01 and in the number of moderate exacerbations: 1 [0-1] vs. 0 [0-1], P=0.04. In addition, who did not take the third vaccination significantly more people were hospitalized for acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (16 vs. 0, P<0.001) and almost the same proportion (n=14) required pulmonary outpatient rehabilitation for post-COVID symptoms. The factors that were most associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine first booster dose uptake were older age [odds ratio (OR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.08], male gender (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57-0.96), absence of previous COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23-0.51). Conclusions:The uptake rate of the COVID-19 booster vaccine among COPD patients in Hungary is lower than the target, and is associated with disease-related factors, and age, sex, previous COVID infection.The global COVID-19 vaccination target is 70% and 100% for elderly, vulnerable patients. Highlighting the importance of taking booster vaccine(s) should be a priority for health workers.

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“…It is well established that this is an additional risk factor for hospitalization and poor outcomes ( 22 ). Although there are no data suggesting that the efficacy of the vaccine in patients with chronic lung diseases, including Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome, differs from that of the general population ( 5 ), it has been reported that airway immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination are the same in patients with COPD and healthy subjects ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-associated pneumonia in Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome: A case report

Bitsani

Garmpi

Avramopoulos

et al. 2022

Med Int

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts differential effects on various individuals. The majority of infected individuals experience mild-to-moderate disease and usually recover, without requiring hospitalization. It has been reported that those who have underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and may thus develop significantly more serious illness. As a result, COVID-19 may aggravate pre-existing respiratory illnesses, such as interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is an uncommon clinical condition marked by post-infectious infantile bronchiolitis obliterans. Traditionally, the diagnosis is made in infancy following an investigation for reoccurring respiratory infections, although in rare cases, the diagnosis is made in adulthood. The present study describes the case of a 45-year-old patient with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome hospitalized due to COVID-19, which is the first one to be reported. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no data available on the effects of COVID-19 in these individuals, stheir optimal therapy, or the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on their clinical course. Thus, it is hoped that the present study sheds some light into this condition.

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Airway immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in COPD patients and healthy subjects

Abstract: It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online.

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Lung mucosal immunity to NTHi vaccine antigens: Antibodies in sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Lung mucosal immunity to NTHi vaccine antigens: Antibodies in sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

First booster dose uptake of COVID-19 vaccine and disease-related factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—a cross-sectional survey in Hungary

COVID-19-associated pneumonia in Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome: A case report

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