Airway Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis

Elizur, Arnon; Cannon, Carolyn L.; Ferkol, Thomas

doi:10.1378/chest.07-1631

Cited by 208 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…FEV 1 measurement is the most widely used method to evaluate the efficacy of antiinflammatory drugs in CF (26). The PFT results were not significantly different following budesonide treatment in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Induced sputum is a noninvasive technique to collect cellular and soluble material from airways and its results are similar to those of spontaneously expectorated sputum in inflammatory measures (26). Osika et al demonstrated increased levels of neutrophil, IL-8, and TNF-α in the sputum of CF patients and a reduction in TNF-α levels with inhaled steroids (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of inhaled steroids on clinical and inflammatoryparameters in children with cystic fibrosis

Uyan¹,

Ustun²,

Haklar³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: The effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ICS on bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), oxidative status, and clinical and inflammatory parameters in CF patients.Materials and methods: CF patients were randomized to receive either 2 mg/day nebulized budesonide or 0.9% normal saline as placebo for 8 weeks.Results: Twenty-nine CF patients (mean age: 10.5 ± 2.9 years) were enrolled in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the end of 8 weeks in terms of symptoms, pulmonary function, BHR, oxidative burst, hs-CRP, or ESR. Although there was a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels in both groups, there was no difference between the two groups. Percentage of neutrophils in the sputum of patients decreased in the budesonide group (P = 0.006). Although sputum IL-8 levels significantly increased in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion:Although there was a significant decrease in the percentage of neutrophils in sputum with budesonide, 8 weeks of 2 mg/ day nebulized budesonide was not effective in terms of BHR, oxidative status, or clinical and other inflammatory parameters in children with CF.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of inhaled steroids on clinical and inflammatoryparameters in children with cystic fibrosis

Uyan¹,

Ustun²,

Haklar³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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“…For example, standard PCR-based analyses are unable to distinguish between DNA derived from viable and non-viable bacterial cells. In the context of CF lung infections, the combination of poor clearance of airway secretions (Dö ring and Gulbins, 2009) and exposure of bacterial cells to a range of antimicrobial challenges, both in the form of host immune response (Elizur et al, 2008) and antibiotic therapy (Ratjen, 2001), results in substantial non-viable populations (Rogers et al, 2005(Rogers et al, , 2008(Rogers et al, , 2010. As such, the potential contribution of DNA, either from the extracellular environment or from non-viable cells, to microbial community characterisation is considerable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing bias in bacterial community analysis of lower respiratory infections

et al. 2012

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High-throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis offer greatly improved accuracy and depth of characterisation of lower respiratory infections. However, such approaches suffer from an inability to distinguish between DNA derived from viable and non-viable bacteria. This discrimination represents an important step in characterising microbial communities, particularly in contexts with poor clearance of material or high antimicrobial stress, as non-viable bacteria and extracellular DNA can contribute significantly to analyses. Pre-treatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA) is an effective approach to non-viable cell exclusion (NVCE). However, the impact of NVCE on microbial community characteristics (abundance, diversity, composition and structure) is not known. Here, adult cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum samples were used as a paradigm. The effects of PMA treatment on CF sputum bacterial community characteristics, as analysed by pyrosequencing and enumeration by species-specific (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and total bacterial Q-PCR, were assessed. At the local community level, abundances of both total bacteria and of P. aeruginosa were significantly lower in PMA-treated sample portions. Meta-analysis indicated no overall significant differences in diversity; however, PMA treatment resulted in a significant alteration in local community membership in all cases. In contrast, at the metacommunity level, PMA treatment resulted in an increase in community evenness, driven by an increase in diversity, predominately representing rare community members. Importantly, PMA treatment facilitated the detection of both recognised and emerging CF pathogens, significantly influencing ‘core’ and ‘satellite’ taxa group membership. Our findings suggest failure to implement NVCE may result in skewed bacterial community analyses.

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“…The exact mechanism of neutrophilic inflammation in airways of CF patients remains unclear. The airway epithelium is an important source of chemokine IL-8 and is the principal neutrophil chemoattractant in the CF lung [16]. During the past decade, cell culture systems using primary human bronchial epithelial cells and respiratory cell lines have revealed that CF cells exhibit enhanced proinflammatory signaling compared with non-CF cells [17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Why Is It Important To Identify Molecular Factor(s) Associatmentioning

confidence: 99%