“…In the last few decades, researchers from all over the World have dedicated their efforts to fabricate optical chemical sensors to determine metal ions not only in the laboratory but also in real samples. This is due to the fact that optical chemical sensors potentially have the ability to analyze the sample in situ and in real time minimal or no disturbance to the sample [40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Recently, different functionalized nanomaterials are reported for selective Cu(II) [47][48][49][50][51] and Pb(II) [52][53][54] ions detection with high selectivity and sensitivity.…”