“…The non-toxic, versatile, and effective trait makes activated carbon an excellent adsorbent (Bansal & Goyal, 2015). Activated carbon for adsorption gas emissions from motor vehicles has been extensively researched and synthesized from various wastes, such as durian peels for CO and HC (Yuliusman et al, 2020), banana peels for CO, NO, NOx, and SO2 (Viena et al, 2018), coconut shells for CO, HC, and CO2 (Winoko & Wicaksono, 2021) and coffee shells for CO and NOx (Redha et al, 2018). Another organic waste that can be synthesized as activated carbon is orange peels, containing lignocelluloses.…”