Aktives Zuhören effektiv vermitteln

Abstract

Communication between physicians and patients has a great influence on patient adherence, patient satisfaction and the success of treatment. In this context, patient centered care and emotional support have a high positive impact; however, it is unclear how physicians can be motivated to communicate with patients in an appreciative and empathetic way. The implementation of such behavior requires a multitude of communicative skills. One of them is active listening, which is very important in two respects. On the one hand active listening provides the basis for several conversational contexts as a special communication technique and on the other hand active listening is presented in current textbooks in different ways: as an attitude or as a technique. In light of this, the question arises how active listening should be taught in order to be not only applicable in concrete conversations but also to lead to the highest possible level of patient satisfaction. The aim of this pilot study was to examine some variations in simulated doctor-patient conversations, which are the result of the different approaches to active listening. For this purpose three groups of first semester medical students were recruited, two of which were schooled in active listening in different ways (two groups of six students), i.e. attitude versus technique oriented. The third group (seven students) acted as the control group. In a pre-post design interviews with standardized simulation patients were conducted and subsequently evaluated. The analysis of these interviews was considered from the perspectives of participants and observers as well as the quantitative aspects. This study revealed some interesting tendencies despite its status as a pilot study: in general, the two interventional groups performed significantly better than the control group in which no relevant changes occurred. In a direct comparison, the group in which active listening was taught from an attitude approach achieved better results than the group in which the focus was on the technical aspects of active listening. In the group with active listening schooled as an attitude, the response to the feelings of the standardized simulation patients was significantly better from the perspectives of both participants and observers.

Standardized patients in psychotherapy training and clinical supervision: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

“…They will be assessed by trained raters (see above) via the German adaptation [32,33] of the Cognitive Therapy Scale [34]. Therapeutic techniques will be assessed by the raters using a self-developed therapeutic skills checklist based on published instruments [35][36][37][38][39] and adapted to the psychotherapy field.…”

Learning From Experiences of Feeling Heard: A Qualitative Study of Hospice Volunteers

“…Approaches to teaching listening skills to physicians, for example, range from adapting narrative theory to narrative medicine (Charon, 2017), reviewing a set of core principles about listening (Boudreau, Cassell, & Fuks, 2009), emphasizing attitude over technique (Martin, Rockenbauch, Kleinert, & St€ obel-Richter, 2017), to using jazz music as a metaphor to help medical students find and use their own authentic presence and "voice" as effective communicators (Haidet, et al, 2017).…”

The Effect of Non-lexical Verbal Signals on the Perceived Authenticity, Empathy and Understanding of a Listener

“…Active listening is generally considered to be beneficial for the client, e.g., through a pleasant and quiet environment. An environment can be created in which clients can express themselves well and without fear, feeling understood, and accepted (Martin et al, 2017).…”

“…To fill in this research gap and extend the work of Martin et al (2017) and Henry et al (2012), the present study investigated the influence of the confirmatory nonlexical verbal signal "mmh" on the perceived authenticity, empathy, and understanding of a listener in a conversation (e.g., a therapist listening to a client). We expected that variations in the nonlexical verbal confirmation signal "mmh" expressed during a conversation would increase the perceived authenticity, understanding, and empathy of the listener.…”

“…We expected that variations in the nonlexical verbal confirmation signal "mmh" expressed during a conversation would increase the perceived authenticity, understanding, and empathy of the listener. Based on the results of Martin et al (2017), which documented some initial indications of possible effects of active listening on self-reported and observed satisfaction with an interaction, we developed the following hypotheses: H1: In the 1x-mmh condition, participants perceive interviewers to be more authentic, empathic, and understanding compared to the interviewers in the 3x-mmh condition.…”