Akustik

A literature review [2000–2022] on vehicle acoustics: Investigations on perceptual parameters of interior soundscapes in electrified vehicles

“…The electrified powertrain concepts lead to a substantially lower SPL (Blickensdorff et al, 2019), allowing hitherto unnoticed disturbing noises from sources such as the external environment, wind, tires, driving-related operation of auxiliaries and power electronics, which so far have been masked by the louder combustion engine, to become apparent (Allman-Ward et al, 2014;Blickensdorff et al, 2019;Eisele et al, 2019;Gavric, 2020). Bodden and Belschner (2014) even describe a spectral gap between the now unmasked high-frequency wind noise and lowfrequency road noise leading to an inharmonic noisebackground.…”

“…The overall SPL seems to be a less critical indicator of sound quality than psychoacoustic parameters (Genuit & Fiebig, 2011), which aim to describe the relationship between physically defined acoustic events and their perceptual dimension in an objective and quantitative manner (Fastl, 2002). As the spectrum of typical e-powertrain noise is characterized by higher frequencies and single tonal components in spectral ranges from 1 -10 kHz, where human hearing is especially sensitive (Blickensdorff et al, 2019;Gavric, 2020), it is potentially perceived as more annoying and less appealing to customers as psychoacoustic analyses show (Lennström et al, 2013;Lennström & Nykänen, 2015;Swart et al, 2016). Moreover, there is a vital discourse about the quiet nature of EVs and opportunities of possible sound enhancement strategies in the field (Genuit & Fiebig, 2014;Clendinning, 2018).…”

“…Bodden and Belschner (2014) note that the little operational feedback stands in no proportion to the pronounced dynamic acceleration of EVs. Whereas ICE-typical broadband noise is dominated by its engine orders and harmonics in a frequency range below 1 kHz (Blickensdorff et al, 2019), Swart et al (2016) found local SPL-minima in the range from 200 to 500 Hz, low roughness values and a lack of prominent orders for commercial EVs, from which they derive the unimpressive and lackluster sound character of natural EV acoustics. With the inherent NVH characteristics only contributing very little to the EV's interior sound quality, Allman-Ward et al (2014) see it as a requirement for manufacturers to enhance their products through synthetic sound applications if they seek to improve interior sound quality.…”