“…In the work by Betz et al [10] the rates of vacancy production, charge exchange and quenching for the projectile moving inside the solid target were included. The variation of x-ray yield with target thickness for heavy ion collisions was fitted to a 2-component model [16,20,22,24] for projectiles containing 0 and 1 K-shell vacancy and later a 3-component model [27][28][29][30] that describes fractions of projectiles with 0, 1, and 2 K-shell vacancies inside the target. If the solid target is thin enough and approximately single-collision conditions exist [23,24,30], the x-ray production cross section can be determined as a function of the projectile charge state.…”