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Stocks, B. J.; Fosberg, M. A.; Lynham, T. J.; Mearns, Linda O.; Wotton, B. M.; Yang, Qiong; Jin, J.; Lawrence, Kevin; Hartley, G. R.; Mason, Joseph A.; McKenney, Daniel W.

doi:10.1023/a:1005306001055

Cited by 544 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Overall the seasonal variability seems lower than observed, compare for example the change between July-August and September-November with the MODIS observations. Previous works (Law and Stohl, 2007;Stohl, 2006;Stocks et al, 1998) suggest that fires in spring and summer in these regions can be the dominant source of sulfur and black and organic carbon. In Fig.…”

Section: Spatial Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…(Law and Stohl, 2007;Stohl, 2006;Stocks et al, 1998;Koch and Hansen, 2005), with important interannual variability, the choice of biomass burning emissions datasets may play an important role. Variability in these emissions, interacting with interannual changes in circulation, may lead to significant changes in Arctic aerosol concentrations.…”

Section: Echam5-ham and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol optical depth over the Arctic: a comparison of ECHAM-HAM and TM5 with ground-based, satellite and reanalysis data

et al. 2012

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Abstract. We compare ground-based measurements of aerosol optical depth andÅngström parameter at six Arctic stations in the period 2001-2006 with the results from two global aerosol dynamics and transport models, ECHAM-HAM and TM5. Satellite measurements from MODIS and the MACC reanalysis product are used to examine the spatial distribution and the seasonality of these parameters and to compare them with model results. We find that both models provide a good reproduction of theÅngström parameter but significantly underestimate the observed AOD values. We also explore the effects of changes in emissions, model resolution and the parametrization of wet scavenging.

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Section: Spatial Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Echam5-ham and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol optical depth over the Arctic: a comparison of ECHAM-HAM and TM5 with ground-based, satellite and reanalysis data

et al. 2012

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“…Studies using fire weather indices or statistical relationships between burn area and climate variables from climate models generally predict increases in burn area on the order of 40-150 % across Canada and Alaska by 2100 (Flannigan and Van Wagner, 1991;Stocks et al, 1998;Flannigan et al, 2005;Krawchuk et al, 2009;Amiro et al, 2009;Bergeron et al, 2010;Wotton et al, 2010). In an extreme case, Balshi et al (2009) projected increases of 250-450 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-latitude cooling associated with landscape changes from North American boreal forest fires

2013

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Fires in the boreal forests of North America are generally stand-replacing, killing the majority of trees and initiating succession that may last over a century. Functional variation during succession can affect local surface energy budgets and, potentially, regional climate. Burn area across Alaska and Canada has increased in the last few decades and is projected to be substantially higher by the end of the 21st century because of a warmer climate with longer growing seasons. Here we simulated changes in forest composition due to altered burn area using a stochastic model of fire occurrence, historical fire data from national inventories, and succession trajectories derived from remote sensing. When coupled to an Earth system model, younger vegetation from increased burning cooled the high-latitude atmosphere, primarily in the winter and spring, with noticeable feedbacks from the ocean and sea ice. Results from multiple scenarios suggest that a doubling of burn area would cool the surface by 0.23 &pm; 0.09 °C across boreal North America during winter and spring months (December through May). This could provide a negative feedback to winter warming on the order of 3–5% for a doubling, and 14–23% for a quadrupling, of burn area. Maximum cooling occurs in the areas of greatest burning, and between February and April when albedo changes are largest and solar insolation is moderate. Further work is needed to integrate all the climate drivers from boreal forest fires, including aerosols and greenhouse gasses

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“…Moreover, Patra et al (2005) have shown that natural and anthropogenic biomass burning constitute the major component of the land-atmosphere carbon flux. Current global warming could increase the frequency of fire (Stocks et al 1998;van der Werf et al 2004;Flannigan et al 2005), so adding further atmospheric CO 2 into the global carbon cycle, and so affect the climate in a system of positive feedbacks (Bowman et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vegetation zones and climatic changes on fire-induced atmospheric carbon emissions: a model based on paleodata

Brémond¹,

Carcaillet²,

Favier³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Abstract. An original method is proposed for estimating past carbon emissions from fires in order to understand longterm changes in the biomass burning that, together with vegetation cover, act on the global carbon cycle and climate. The past carbon release resulting from paleo-fires during the Holocene is examined using a simple linear model between measured carbon emissions from modern fires and sedimentary charcoal records of biomass burning within boreal and cold temperate forests in eastern Canada (Quebec, Ontario). Direct carbon emissions are estimated for each ecozone for the present period and the fire anomaly per kilo annum (ka) v. present day (0 ka) deduced from charcoal series of 46 lakes and peats. Over the postglacial, the Taiga Shield ecozone does not match the pattern of fire history and carbon release of Boreal Shield, Atlantic Maritime, and Mixedwood Plains ecozones. This feature results from different air mass influences and the timing of vegetation dynamics. Our estimations show, first, that the contribution of the Mixedwood Plains and the Atlantic Maritime ecozones on the total carbon emissions by fires remains negligible compared with the Boreal Shield. Second, the Taiga Shield plays a key role by maintaining important carbon emissions, given it is today a lower contributor.

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Untitled

Cited by 544 publications

References 24 publications

Aerosol optical depth over the Arctic: a comparison of ECHAM-HAM and TM5 with ground-based, satellite and reanalysis data

Aerosol optical depth over the Arctic: a comparison of ECHAM-HAM and TM5 with ground-based, satellite and reanalysis data

High-latitude cooling associated with landscape changes from North American boreal forest fires

Effects of vegetation zones and climatic changes on fire-induced atmospheric carbon emissions: a model based on paleodata

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