Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM

Lambers, Femke A.E.; Prins, Maria; Thomas, X.V.; Molenkamp, Richard; Kwa, David; Brinkman, Kees; Meer, J.T.M. van der; Schinkel, Janke

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32834bac44

Cited by 149 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Because each protein is involved in HCV entry, infection, replication, or maturation, they are potential antiviral targets. Hepatitis C virus replication takes place entirely within the cytoplasm, therefore it does not establish latency making it easier to cure [7] . All RNA viruses show a high degree of genome sequence heterogeneity.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C genotype 4: The past, present, and future

Abdel-Ghaffar

Sira

Naghi

2015

WJH

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 4 represents 12%-15% (15-18 million) of total global HCV infection. It is prevalent in Northern and Equatorial Africa and the Middle East, and is also present in some countries in Europe. GT-4 (and subtype 4a in particular) dominates the HCV epidemic in Egypt. In underdeveloped countries, risk factors associated with HCV infection may be due to unsafe medical practices or other factors such as familial transmission, mother's HCV status, or illiteracy. HCV prevention and control programs should include health education, increased community awareness towards the disease, controlling infection distribution in healthcare centers, proper sterilization of medical and dental instruments, and ensuring safe supply of blood and blood-products. Response rates to a 48-wk combined pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment range from 40%-69%, and HCV-GT-4 has been considered better than GT-1 but worse than GT-2 and GT-3 in treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV. However, with the introduction of the HCV-GT-1 effective protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir in 2011, HCV-GT-4 became the "most difficult (GT) to treat". Recently, the direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with pan-genotypic activities simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir have been recommended in triple regimens with PEG-IFN/RBV for the treatment of HCV-GT-4. An IFN-free regimen will be available for treatment of all genotypes of HCV in the near future. To date, several DAAs have been developed and are currently being evaluated in various combinations in clinical trials. As new regimens and new agents are being approved by the Food and Drug Administration, we can expect the guidelines for HCV treatment to be changed. The availability of shorter, simpler, and more tolerable treatment regimens can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with HCV infection. With such a large number of therapeutic agents available, we can end up with a range of choices that we can select from to treat patients.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C genotype 4: The past, present, and future

Abdel-Ghaffar

Sira

Naghi

2015

WJH

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“…In individuals who were re-exposed to HCV after successfully clearing an initial infection ( primary infection), further infections (reinfection) have been documented. Reinfection with a new HCV infection can be distinguished from viral relapse of the initial HCV infection by viral sequencing [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. HCV reinfection has been observed in two main population groups, both of which are characterized by repeated exposures to HCV: PWIDs [5-10,12 -16] and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men who engage in high-risk sexual behaviour [11,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Many hepatitis C reinfections that spontaneously clear may be undetected: Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis of observational study data

Sacks‐Davis

McBryde

Grebely

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection rates are probably underestimated due to reinfection episodes occurring between study visits. A Markov model of HCV reinfection and spontaneous clearance was fitted to empirical data. Bayesian post-estimation was used to project reinfection rates, reinfection spontaneous clearance probability and duration of reinfection. Uniform prior probability distributions were assumed for reinfection rate (more than 0), spontaneous clearance probability (0-1) and duration (0.25-6.00 months). Model estimates were 104 per 100 person-years (95% CrI: 21-344), 0.84 (95% CrI: 0.59-0.98) and 1.3 months (95% CrI: 0.3-4.1) for reinfection rate, spontaneous clearance probability and duration, respectively. Simulation studies were used to assess model validity, demonstrating that the Bayesian model estimates provided useful information about the possible sources and magnitude of bias in epidemiological estimates of reinfection rates, probability of reinfection clearance and duration or reinfection. The quality of the Bayesian estimates improved for larger samples and shorter test intervals. Uncertainty in model estimates notwithstanding, findings suggest that HCV reinfections frequently and quickly result in spontaneous clearance, with many reinfection events going unobserved.

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“…In a recent meta-analysis of 61 studies, the five-year risk of HCV reinfection in HIV infected MSM was as high as 15% and higher than in studies on PWID (21). Two studies to date have described reinfection incidence among HIV-HCV coinfected MSM with reported rates of 8-15 per 100 person-years (py) (19,22). More recently, HCV reinfections have also been reported in phase 3 trials of DAA HCV compounds (12,14,23) nearly all of which have occurred among HIV infected MSM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe

Ingiliz¹,

Martin

Rodger

et al. 2017

Journal of Hepatology

152

103

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NEAT study group, HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe, Journal of Hepatology (2016), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jhep.2016.09.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Alarming incidence of hepatitis C virus re-infection after treatment of sexually acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected MSM

Cited by 149 publications

References 33 publications

Hepatitis C genotype 4: The past, present, and future

Hepatitis C genotype 4: The past, present, and future

Many hepatitis C reinfections that spontaneously clear may be undetected: Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis of observational study data

HCV reinfection incidence and spontaneous clearance rates in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Western Europe

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