Albedo of the U.S. Great Plains as Determined from NOAA-9 AVHRR Data

Gutman, Graciela E.; Ohring, George; Tarpley, Dan; Ambroziak, Russell A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<0608:aotugp>2.0.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Observations confirm that, as in summer, croplands have higher albedos than forest (Gutman et al 1989, Li andGarand 1994). Moreover, observations show the albedo of corn cropland in Iowa is highest in July and August (0.20-0.22), and decreases in September (0.18) and October (0.12) (Gutman et al 1989). These observations also show lower albedo in spring (0.12-0.14) than autumn, which might explain the absence of large spring cooling.…”

Section: Impact Of Modern Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 74%

Frost Followed the Plow: Impacts of Deforestation on the Climate of the United States

Bonan

1999

Ecological Applications

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The modern vegetated landscape of the United States little resembles the ''natural'' landscape prior to colonial settlement. Two 10-yr climate simulations with a global climate model using natural and modern vegetation maps for land surface boundary conditions showed that the conversion of forest to cropland in the eastern and central United States cooled climate. Mean annual surface air temperature decreased by 0.6Њ-1.0ЊC in the United States east of 100Њ W. The decrease in daily maximum temperature exceeded that for daily minimum temperature for a decreased diurnal temperature range of about 0.6ЊC, averaged over the year. The cooling was greatest in the Midwest in summer and autumn, when daily mean temperature decreased by Ͼ0.5Њ and 2.5ЊC, respectively; daily maximum temperature decreased by 1Њ-3ЊC; and diurnal temperature range decreased by about 1ЊC. U.S. temperature records show that much of the 1800s was anomalously cold, particularly in summer and autumn in the Midwest. Although this was likely caused by natural climate variability, increased volcanic activity, and decreased solar activity, the clearing of forests for agricultural land undoubtedly contributed to the cold temperatures in the eastern and central Unites States.

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Section: Impact Of Modern Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 74%

Frost Followed the Plow: Impacts of Deforestation on the Climate of the United States

Bonan

1999

Ecological Applications

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“…For example, many GCMs require surface albedo for at least two spectral intervals: visible and near-infrared [Dickinson, 1983], whereas radiation budget studies need broadband values to separate downwelling and net solar irradiance. If one is interested in broadband albedo, an uncertainty may arise from the use of narrowband measurements made by operational satellites such as METEOSAT [Preuss and Geleyn, 1980;Pinty and Szejwach, 1985;Pinty and Ramond, 1987], GMS [Nunez et al, 1987], NOAA [Matthews and Rossow, 1987;Gutman et al, 1988Gutman et al, , 1989a or LANDSAT [Brest and Goward, 1987]. Comparison of simultaneous and collocated narrowband advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) reflectance and broadband Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) reflectance reveals significant differences [Li and Leighton, 1992].…”

Section: Paper Number 94jd00225mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of surface albedo from space: A parameterization for global application

Li¹,

Garand²

1994

J. Geophys. Res.

134

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This study proposes a simple parameterization to derive surface broadband albedo from satellite observations, using the results of detailed radiative transfer computations for a variety of atmospheric and surface conditions. The end result is a single equation that directly yields surface albedo from observed albedo at the top of the atmosphere, solar zenith angle, and total precipitable water. It was demonstrated that the parameterization is valid for retrieval of both instantaneous and daily mean surface albedo. Sensitivity tests were conducted for precipitable water, aerosol, CO2, O3, and temperature profile. Preliminary validation using collocated satellite and tower measurements indicates that the absolute accuracy requirement of 5% for climate studies is well satisfied. A global monthly climatology (excluding polar areas) of surface albedo is then developed from 5 years of Earth Radiation Budget Experiment clear‐sky satellite data and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts humidity analysis data. Examination of month‐to‐month differences for specific 2.5°×2.5° areas indicate that the absolute random error on monthly estimates is less than 1%. Seasonal variation of surface albedo exceeding 1% can thus be detected. Comparisons with other satellite estimates show much closer agreement than with the values used in some general circulation models and numerical weather prediction models especially over snow/ice and deserts.

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“…A--0.7+0.36,Aj +0.73.A 2 where A,, A 2, and A are channel 1, channel 2, and broadband isotropic albedos, respectively. The observations were cloud-screened by a procedure applied to the original data set involving a combination of the absolute threshold and spatial coherence methods [Gutman et al, , 1988].…”

Section: -11 •M) Using a Regression Formula For Vegetated Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of angular models to AVHRR data for determination of the clear‐sky planetary albedo over land surfaces

Gutman¹,

Gruber²,

Tarpley³

et al. 1989

J. Geophys. Res.

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Clear‐sky planetary albedos are derived from NOAA 9 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data during 1986 over the U.S. Great Plains with several distinct surface types (shrubland, grassland, deciduous, and coniferous forests). The cloud‐free observations are selected using a combination of absolute threshold and spatial coherence cloud‐screening procedures. The broadband albedo is approximated from the narrow‐band visible and near‐infrared albedo. Bidirectional reflectivity models are applied to account for the effect of Sun‐target‐sensor geometry. The corrected albedos are converted to daily means using a directional model to account for the dependence upon Sun angle. The results indicate that the present Earth radiation budget models can be efficiently applied to AVHRR data to determine the clear‐sky planetary albedos and to remove the apparent albedo discontinuity on images of mapped data.

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Albedo of the U.S. Great Plains as Determined from NOAA-9 AVHRR Data

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Frost Followed the Plow: Impacts of Deforestation on the Climate of the United States

Frost Followed the Plow: Impacts of Deforestation on the Climate of the United States

Estimation of surface albedo from space: A parameterization for global application

Application of angular models to AVHRR data for determination of the clear‐sky planetary albedo over land surfaces

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