Albumin and amino acids upregulate the expression of human beta-defensin 1

Sherman, Hadas; Chapnik, Nava; Froy, Oren

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2005.09.013

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Furthermore, Ile treatment is regarded to exert few adverse effects, because it is a frequently consumed essential amino acid, and influences HBD2 expression only under inflammatory conditions. The expression of HBD1 mRNA has been shown to increase in HCT-116 cells after Ile treatment [37]. Taken together, the administration of Ile is thought to represent a feasible treatment for effectively and safely relieving CD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human <i>β</i> Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Konno¹,

Ashida²,

Inaba³

et al. 2012

FNS

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Anti-microbial peptides are essential for the intestinal innate immunity that protects the intestinal epithelia from attacks by foreign pathogens. Human β-defensin (HBD) is one of the pivotal anti-microbial peptides that are expressed in the colonic epithelia. This study investigated the effect and the signaling mechanism of inducible β-defensin HBD2 by an essential amino acid, isoleucine (Ile) in colonic epithelial cells. Here we examined the expression level of HBD2 on induction of Ile in epithelial cells, and checked this pathway. HBD2 mRNA was induced by co-incubation with IL-1α and Ile in Caco2 cells, but not by Ile alone. An inhibitor of either ERK or Gi, a subunit of G-proteins, reduced the induction of HBD2 mRNA by Ile. The treatment with Ile also increased the intracellular calcium ion concentration, thus suggesting that the GPCR and ERK signaling pathway mediate the effects of Ile. These results indicate that an essential amino acid, Ile, enhances the expression of an inducible β-defensin, namely HBD2, by IL-1α through the activation of GPCRs and ERK signaling pathway. The administration of Ile may therefore represent a possible option to safely treat intestinal inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human <i>β</i> Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Konno¹,

Ashida²,

Inaba³

et al. 2012

FNS

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“…Recently it was shown that these AMPs also act in prime inflammation resolution in the mucosa [42], suggesting they are part of an additional endogenous local pathway used to control an acute inflammatory response, bringing the associated inflamed tissue back to homeostasis. There are a number of different substances, including Vitamin D [43,44], certain amino acids [45], butyrate [46], and probiotics [47], that are recognized as potent inducers of the synthesis and activity of AMPs.…”

Section: Indirect Effects: 3) Promote Synthesis Of Antimicrobial Peptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Lescheid¹

2014

FFHD

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A substantial and increasing body of clinical evidence supports the role of specific strains and mixtures of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Several general mechanisms of action have been proposed, including supporting repair of hyperpermeable epithelial barriers, interfering with infection by pathogens, and restoring a healthful balance of commensal microbes to affect metabolism. Emerging evidence supports an additional role of probiotics as important modulators of immune system responses, including inflammation, at mucosal surfaces. In particular, by preventing or repairing ‘leaky’ epithelial barriers, probiotics can indirectly affect the inflammatory response by negating the source of pro-inflammatory stimuli associated with low-grade endotoxemia. They also enhance production of short chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties (e.g. butyrate) as well as increase synthesis of antimicrobial peptides that influence inflammation resolution pathways in the mucosa. Furthermore, probiotics and some of their secreted metabolic products can act as ligands for innate immune system receptors, directly influencing key pro-inflammatory pathways. They also stimulate the differentiation and activity of important immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, T cells), and subsequently increase production of important regulatory cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b). Finally, there are limited but increasing animal studies and clinical trials demonstrating probiotics do affect common biomarkers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, as well as signs and symptoms of the associated diseases suggesting they can have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease.Keywords: probiotics, inflammation, endotoxemia, epithelial, cytokines, immune, butyrate, antimicrobial peptides

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“…8,9 The in vitro expression of DEFB1 can be upregulated by LPS, IL-1b, interferon-g (IFN-g) and arginine. [10][11][12] In vivo, elevated levels of DEFB1 in body fluid were observed in individuals suffering from sepsis and infectious diseases. 13,14 Moreover, the inducible expression of DEFB1 showed interindividual variability upon infection or LPS stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic variations within DEFB1 are associated with the susceptibility to and the fatal outcome of severe sepsis in Chinese Han population

Huang

et al. 2007

Genes Immun

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Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome to infection. Human b-defensin 1 (DEFB1) is a multifunctional mediator in infection and inflammation, which has been largely explored in ex vivo studies. The present case-control study was designed to investigate whether DEFB1 genomic variations are associated with the susceptibility to and the outcome of severe sepsis in 211 patients with severe sepsis and 157 ethnic-matched healthy controls. After correcting for multiple testing, the À44G/C was the only polymorphism found to show significant associations with both the susceptibility to and the fatal outcome of severe sepsis (P ¼ 0.0049, odd ratio (OR) 1.971 and P ¼ 0.002, OR 2.406, respectively). Haplotype À20A/À44C/À52G showed a protective role against severe sepsis (P ¼ 0.0066, OR 0.6751), whereas haplotype À20G/À44G/À52G served as a risk factor for the fatal outcome of severe sepsis (P ¼ 0.0052, OR 2.427). These findings provide further evidence that b-defensin 1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis.

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Albumin and amino acids upregulate the expression of human beta-defensin 1

Cited by 72 publications

References 53 publications

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human <i>β</i> Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human <i>β</i> Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Genomic variations within DEFB1 are associated with the susceptibility to and the fatal outcome of severe sepsis in Chinese Han population

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Albumin and amino acids upregulate the expression of human beta-defensin 1

Cited by 72 publications

References 53 publications

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Probiotics as regulators of inflammation: A review

Genomic variations within DEFB1 are associated with the susceptibility to and the fatal outcome of severe sepsis in Chinese Han population

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Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human <i>β</i> Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia

Isoleucine, an Essential Amino Acid, Induces the Expression of Human <i>β</i> Defensin 2 through the Activation of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor-ERK Pathway in the Intestinal Epithelia