Albuminuria and Proteinuria

Seshan, Surya V.; Reddi, Alluru S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86020-2_10

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…Additionally, the possibility of the early preclinical diagnosis of DN has significantly expanded. Until recently, albuminuria was considered a key factor in glomerular damage (i.e., "albuminuria was a centric" model of pathogenesis) [9,11]. However, morphological studies have shown that the characteristic changes in kidney tissues are already present under the conditions of normal albumin excretion and that the detection of albuminuria indicates the presence of sclerosis in 20-25% of nephrons [12,13].…”

Section: Diabetic Nephropathy (Dn): Pathogenesis and Existing Correct...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Nephropathy: Significance of Determining Oxidative Stress and Opportunities for Antioxidant Therapies

Darenskaya

Kolesnikov

Semenova

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the category of socially significant diseases with epidemic rates of increases in prevalence. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a specific kind of kidney damage that occurs in 40% of patients with DM and is considered a serious complication of DM. Most modern methods for treatments aimed at slowing down the progression of DN have side effects and do not produce unambiguous positive results in the long term. This fact has encouraged researchers to search for additional or alternative treatment methods. Hyperglycemia has a negative effect on renal structures due to a number of factors, including the activation of the polyol and hexosamine glucose metabolism pathways, the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and increases in the insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction of tissues. The above mechanisms cause the development of oxidative stress (OS) reactions and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn contribute to the development and progression of DN. Modern antioxidant therapies for DN involve various phytochemicals (food antioxidants, resveratrol, curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid preparations, etc.), which are widely used not only for the treatment of diabetes but also other systemic diseases. It has also been suggested that therapeutic approaches that target the source of reactive oxygen species in DN may have certain advantages in terms of nephroprotection from OS. This review describes the significance of studies on OS biomarkers in the pathogenesis of DN and analyzes various approaches to reducing the intensity of OS in the prevention and treatment of DN.

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