Alcohol and Drug Use among Rural and Urban Incarcerated Substance Abusers

Leukefeld, Carl G.; Narevic, Egle; Hiller, Matthew L.; Staton, Michele; Logan, TK; Gillespie, Wayne; Webster, J. Matthew; Garrity, Thomas F.; Purvis, Richard

doi:10.1177/0306624x02238164

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The standardized Office of Management and Budget (OMB) metro and nonmetro categories have been subdivided into 4 metro and 6 nonmetro categories, resulting in a 10-part county codification (20). As Leukefeld and colleagues (19) pointed out, this differentiation has limited utility for practitioners and policymakers. Therefore, the intent of this study was to further define the rural dimension.…”

Section: Rural-very Ruralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implicit in the above comparison is that the definitions of rural and urban are not completely clear. For example, the definition of ''rural'' has been applied to places with populations of less than 20,000 as well as to populations of less than 2,500 (6,15,16,17); and places with 50,000 or more inhabitants are often referred to as urban (18)(19)(20)(21); according to these definitions, rural areas are areas not considered as being urban. The problem with this dichotomy is that it leaves a large gray area often not captured when this definition is used for individuals living in areas with populations with more than 2,500 but with fewer than 50,000 inhabitants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies by Leukefeld and colleagues (19,23) showed that marijuana and sedative use was more frequently reported by rural respondents, and cocaine use by urban respondents. Based on these studies, alcohol use was clearly identified as the substance of choice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance Abuse among Rural and Very Rural Drug Users at Treatment Entry

Schoeneberger

Leukefeld

Hiller

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Historically, researchers and policymakers concerned with the problems of substance abuse have focused their attention almost exclusively on urban America. However, this focus now includes the special needs of rural areas. In the past, rural areas were more sheltered from the problems of mainstream America, but now, mass communication has decreased the isolation of rural areas. The purpose of this study is to examine rural and very rural drug users; including: (a) demographic and other selected background characteristics of rural and very rural drug users admitted to substance abuse treatment, (b) lifetime drug use patterns, (c) current drug use, (d) age of first drug use, (e) recognition of drug abuse as a problem, and (f) correlates of drug use behavior to identify potential predisposing factors. It was hypothesized that drug users from very rural areas would be more sheltered and the severity of their involvement with drug use would be less than that of drug users from rural areas. Between November 15, 1999 and January 31, 2001, face-to-face interviews were conducted in three geographic regions of Kentucky (N=604); eastern Kentucky (n=206), south central Kentucky (n= 165)--both frequently are considered rural (n=371)--and Western Kentucky, which is considered more urban (N=233). Over half of the participants were admitted to outpatient treatment (57%). The majority of participants were male (75%), White (94%), had no religious preference (51%), had been referred to by the criminal justice system (64%), and had a history of prior substance abuse treatment (55%). Findings indicate that being from very rural areas may be somewhat protective with lower current drug use and older age at drug use initiation. While alcohol remains the most used substance in terms of lifetime and current use, cocaine use was three times higher in rural areas than in very rural areas. Implications are discussed and recommendations are presented for substance abuse treatment providers and policymakers.

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Section: Rural-very Ruralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance Abuse among Rural and Very Rural Drug Users at Treatment Entry

Schoeneberger

Leukefeld

Hiller

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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“…Descriptions of sample selection and study procedures are presented in previous reports. 35,36 Demographic and drug use characteristics are presented in Table 1. Over half (53%) of the participants were white with 38% reporting a rural home before their incarceration.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Examination of High-cost Health Services Utilization among Drug using Prisoners Reentering the Community

Leukefeld

Hiller²,

Webster³

et al. 2006

J Behav Health Serv Res

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The use of health services by prisoners during their incarceration and after their return to the community impacts the U.S. health care system and health care costs associated with this system. These health care costs are expected to increase over the next decade as more prisoners return to their communities. The current study prospectively examines the use of high-cost health care services-emergency room visits and hospitalizations-among 565 male drug-abusing prisoners about 1 year after prison release. A series of structural equation models were used to examine predisposing factors, including health status and drug use, and to estimate the frequency of high-cost health service utilization. As expected, health status was the most robust predictor of high-cost health services. However, the finding that drug abuse had nonsignificant relationships with high-cost health services utilization was not expected. Discussion focuses on health care service issues and health problems as prisoners' transition from prison to the community.

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“…A study of adult men (n = 655) incarcerated in four Kentucky correctional facilities compared the lifetime 0740-5472/05/$ -see front matter D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2005.02.008 and most recent annual drug-use practices of inmates from urban areas with those from rural areas and concluded that very few meaningful differences existed between the two groups (Leukefeld et al, 2002). Researchers have also examined the drug-use practices of rural adults in substance abuse treatment programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%