Alcohol and the Liver: Metabolism of Ethanol, Metabolic Effects and Pathogenesis of Injury

Lieber, Charles S.

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08903.x

Cited by 84 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 303 publications

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“…It is known that ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and acetate by ADH and ALDH. These enzymes are directly related with ethanol metabolism (4,14). The activities of ADH and ALDH have been shown to be greatly reduced in liver tissue of ethanol-loaded mice (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats

Park

Song

et al. 2009

Biomed. Res.

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Ethanol consumption disturbs the balance between the pro-and anti-oxidant systems of the organism, leading to oxidative stress. Electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW) is widely used by people in East Asia for drinking purposes because of its therapeutic properties including scavenging effect of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to investigate the effect of ERW on acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Alcohol concentration in serum of ERWtreated rats showed significant difference at 1 h, 3 h and 5 h respectively as compared with the rats treated with distilled water. Both alcohol dehydrogenase type 1 and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase related with oxidation of alcohol were significantly increased in liver tissue while the level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum was markedly decreased 24 h after pre-oral administration of ERW. Moreover, oral administration of ERW significantly activated non-ezymatic (glutathione) and enzymatic (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase) antioxidants in liver tissues compared with the control group. These results suggest that drinking ERW has an effect of alcohol detoxification by antioxidant mechanism and has potentiality for relief of ethanol-induced hangover symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats

Park

Song

et al. 2009

Biomed. Res.

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“…From the point of view of a direct action, many studies have demonstrated that ethanol or its metabolite, acetaldehyde, alter protein synthesis by inhibiting hepatic transport and secretion ( Lieber, 1983( Lieber, , 1985. Other studies, indicated that these compounds act at the level of the microtubules (Matsuda et al, 1979;Baraona et al, 1984), causing alterations associated with intracellular accumulation of secretory vesicles and a general distension of the cistern endoplasmic reticulum (Feldman & Maurice,1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histometric Study of the Epithelium of Rats Submitted to Ethanol During Lactation

et al. 2007

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SUMMARY:The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their offspring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the palatine epithelium of the sucking was performed. Two groups of animals, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20% ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 µm sections on the frontal plane at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin and eosin, were obtained. The experimental results produced, suggest that suckling from ethanol-treated mothers, show a significant decrease of body weight, significant alterations of karyometric and stereological measurements that determined hypotrophy of palatine epithelial cells and toxicity of ethanol at the palatine epithelium.

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“…However, they generally do not contain proteins, vitamins, minerals or other nutrients; therefore, regular ethanol consumption can cause a nutritional deficit (Lieber, 1980). As indicated previously, fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are frequent complications of alcoholism that appear although the diets are high in protein and fats and supplemented with vitamins and minerals; therefore, from a therapeutic point of view, this procedure is not totally successful for the prevention of cirrhosis in alcoholics (Lieber, 1985). Thus, chronic ethanol consumption generates a secondary malnutrition due to damage to the digestion and nutrient absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol Intake and Toxicity: In Search of New Treatments

et al. 2017

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SANDOVAL, C.; VÁSQUEZ, B.; MANDARIM-DE-LACERDA, C. & DEL SOL, M.Ethanol intake and toxicity: In search of new treatments. Int. J. Morphol., 35(3):942-949, 2017. SUMMARY:Prolonged alcohol consumption has consequences on the liver, producing necrotic precipitates and fibrosis, on the pancreas, causing the pancreatic acini to atrophy and destroying insulin-producing cells, and on the central nervous system (CNS), causing the gray and white matter in the frontal lobes of the brain and cerebellum to atrophy. Generally, alcohol is metabolized via oxidative pathways, where the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase participate during its metabolization in the liver and CNS, or via nonoxidative pathways during its metabolization in the pancreas. Ethanol metabolism can produce oxidative stress and tissue damage mediated by free radicals, causing morphological and functional alterations in the liver. In the pancreas, it can cause progressive and irreversible damage affecting the endocrine and exocrine functions, a result of the activation of the stellate cells, which are activated directly by alcohol, causing pancreatic fibrosis. In the CNS ethanol can bind directly to proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids to develop its pathogenesis. The effects produced by alcohol can be counteracted by supplementation with antioxidants, which reduce the inflammation and areas of focal necrosis in the liver, inhibit the activation of pancreatic stellate cells, and reduce oxidative stress in the CNS. Additionally, in order to reduce the negative effects associated with alcohol consumption, recent studies have suggested the administration of antioxidants as a treatment strategy.

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Alcohol and the Liver: Metabolism of Ethanol, Metabolic Effects and Pathogenesis of Injury

Cited by 84 publications

References 303 publications

Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats

Electrolyzed-reduced water inhibits acute ethanol-induced hangovers in Sprague-Dawley rats

Histometric Study of the Epithelium of Rats Submitted to Ethanol During Lactation

Ethanol Intake and Toxicity: In Search of New Treatments

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