Alcohol Consumption, Risky Sexual Behaviors, and HIV in Nigeria: A Meta-Analytic Review

Abstract

Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with risky sex, which increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Objective: To examine the prevalence of, and associations among alcohol, risky sex, and HIV, in Nigeria. Methods: We searched electronic databases and reviewed reference sections of relevant papers to locate studies that sampled people living in Nigeria and assessed both alcohol and sexual risk behavior. We calculated effect sizes to determine (a) prevalence of alcohol and sex behaviors and (b) associations between alcohol consumption and risky sex, and examined moderators to determine if sample characteristics predicted behavioral or biological outcomes. Results: Of the 696 unique records identified, 35 manuscripts reporting on 42 separate studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in these studies (N = 83,350; M age = 26 years; 48% women; 10% HIV-infected) reported high rates of heavy drinking (63%) and low rates of consistent condom use (24%). One-third of participants (30%) also reported using alcohol before sexual activity. Participants who consumed alcohol were more likely to report sexual activity (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 3.09, 4.33), multiple partners (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.38, 4.36), and condomless sex or inconsistent use of condoms (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.54, 3.43). Conclusion: High rates of heavy drinking and low rates of condom use have been well-documented in Nigeria. Results from this meta-analysis can be used to inform critically needed alcohol-related HIV interventions.

Disability-adjusted life years and mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa countries

“…The association between alcohol and unsafe sex has been observed among American college students [30]. A meta-analysis study has reported, people who consume alcohol had significantly multiple partners, sex without a condom or inconsistent use of condoms [31].…”

Reproductive and Sexual Coercion: The Role of Alcohol, Social and Demographic Conditions

“…According to some research, only very high levels of alcohol intake reduce the probability of condom use [30]. On the contrary, all known studies performed in less developed or recently industrialized parts of the world confirmed the association of the alcohol intake with the non-use of condoms and other risky sexual behaviors [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. It can be reasonably assumed that the social progress correlates with improvements of morality, so that distracting factors such as alcohol lose their significance.…”

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Sex and Drug Use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa Countries

“…The association between alcohol and unsafe sex has been observed among American college students [31]. A meta-analysis study has reported, people who consume alcohol had signi cantly multiple partners, sex without a condom or inconsistent use of condoms [32].…”