Alcohol, illicit and non-illicit psychoactive drug use and road traffic injury in Thailand: A case-control study

Prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers based on random breath tests in a roadside survey in Catalonia (Spain)

“…As shown in Table 4, the proportion of men with a BrAC level above the legal limit (1.45%) is almost three times that of women (0.64%). This result is consistent with the literature (Institoris et al, 2005;Woratanarat et al, 2009;Bergen et al, 2011;Kelley-Baker et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2013). Yet, it should be noted that around 80% of the tested drivers were men, which means that male drivers are much more frequent than female drivers on non-urban roads in Catalonia.…”

“…Similarly, individuals who identified themselves as regular alcohol consumers were three times as likely to exceed the legal BAC limit (Campos et al, 2013). Moreover, it should be noted that drink driving seems to be associated with the non-usage of vehicle safety devices such as seat-belts or crash helmets in the case of motorcyclists (Bergen et al, 2011;Woratanarat et al, 2009). Despite this, Voas et al (2013) found evidence of some precautionary behavior amongst youngsters when leaving a drinking location.…”

“…Specifically, it leads to a worsening of psychomotor skills, reaction times, the ability to keep a vehicle within traffic lanes, speed control and hazard perception, among others (Moskowitz and Fiorentino, 2000;Downey et al, 2013). Other legal and illegal psychoactive drugs have also been found to impair the ability to drive significantly (Woratanarat et al, 2009). Moreover, two or more psychoactive drugs combined can have a more than additive effect on the deterioration of driving skills (Downey et al, 2013).…”

Psychoactive Substance Use and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Injuries in Southern Taiwan

“…Many studies have suggested a causal link between psychotropic drugs and MVCs (Barbone et al 1998;Lundberg 1986;Skegg et al 1979). Moreover, a combination of two or more psychoactive drugs (Movig et al 2004;Woratanarat et al 2009) or psychoactive drugs with alcohol further increases the risk of having an accident (Barbone et al 1998;Neuter 1995;Ricci et al 2008).…”

“…Therefore, all means of preventing MVCs are important to society. To reduce the risk of crashes, some countries have enforced drug driving laws, labeled adverse effects on drug leaflets, and mandated a three-leveled warning system in cars (Mercier-Guyon 2006;Woratanarat et al 2009). Despite accumulating evidence concerning the strength of the link between MVC injuries and drug abuse (Movig et al 2004), few studies have explored the relationship between psychoactive substance use and MVCs in Taiwan.…”