Alcohol, illicit drugs and medicinal drugs in fatally injured drivers in Spain between 1991and 2000

Rio, M C del; Gómez, J.; Sancho, Manuel; Álvarez, F. Javier

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00116-0

Cited by 104 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…19–22 Identifying marijuana smokers in the primary care setting provides the opportunity to impact prevention of pulmonary disease and cancer, and to reduce the impact of cardiovascular and trauma related morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Medical Consequences Of Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Risk Factors for Marijuana Use Among Veterans Affairs Patients

Goldman

Suh

Lynch³

et al. 2010

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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Objectives Cannabis is the most widely used drug in the United States, and its use carries negative health consequences; however, universal screening for cannabis use is cumbersome. If data commonly collected in the primary care setting (eg, use of alcohol, smoking status, and depression symptoms) could predict cannabis use, then providers can implement targeted marijuana screening in high-risk groups. Methods We reviewed Behavioral Health Laboratory data collected between 2003 and 2006 from 5512 patients referred by Veterans Affairs primary care clinics for potential mental health needs. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of past year marijuana use. Results A total of 11.5% of the sample reported using marijuana in the past year. Age, gender, other drug use, presence of alcohol use disorders, smoking status, depressive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and psychotic symptoms, individually, were associated with the patients’ use of marijuana during the past year. When controlling for age, race, and gender in a logistic regression analyses, only other drug use, alcohol use disorder, and smoking status were linked to past year marijuana use. Patients were 5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–6.7) times more likely to have used marijuana during the past year if they used another illicit drug during the past year. Those with alcohol use disorder diagnosis or current smokers were 2.3 (95% CI 1.9–2.8) and 1.5 times (95% CI 1.3–1.7), respectively, more likely to have used marijuana during the past year. Receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve = 0.79) represents good sensitivity and specificity of the model, correctly classifying 88.4% of the past year marijuana users. Conclusion Identifying patients at high risk for cannabis use may facilitate targeted screening and provision of interventions in primary care. Patients who screen positive for cigarette use, alcohol abuse or dependence, or have evidence of other illicit drug use could be considered for cannabis screening.

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Section: Medical Consequences Of Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Risk Factors for Marijuana Use Among Veterans Affairs Patients

Goldman

Suh

Lynch³

et al. 2010

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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“…There is also an increased risk of harm resulting from violence including homicide [6], suicide [7], road traffic accidents [8], domestic violence [9], and attendance at Emergency Departments and Minor Injuries Units for treatment of violence-related injuries [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm to population health (CHALICE)

et al. 2012

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BackgroundExcess alcohol consumption has serious adverse effects on health and violence-related harm. In the UK around 37% of men and 29% of women drink to excess and 20% and 13% report binge drinking. The potential impact on population health from a reduction in consumption is considerable. One proposed method to reduce consumption is to reduce availability through controls on alcohol outlet density. In this study we investigate the impact of a change in the density of alcohol outlets on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms to health in the community.Methods/DesignA natural experiment of the effect of change in outlet density between 2005–09, in Wales, UK; population 2.4 million aged 16 years and over. Data on outlets are held by the 22 local authorities in Wales under The Licensing Act 2003.The study outcomes are change in (1) alcohol consumption using data from annual Welsh Health Surveys, (2) alcohol-related hospital admissions using the Patient Episode Database for Wales, (3) Accident & Emergency department attendances between midnight–6am, and (4) alcohol-related violent crime against the person, using Police data.The data will be anonymously record-linked within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank at individual and 2001 Census Lower Super Output Area levels. New methods of network analysis will be used to estimate outlet density. Longitudinal statistical analysis will use (1) multilevel ordinal models of consumption and logistic models of admissions and Accident & Emergency attendance as a function of change in individual outlet exposure, adjusting for confounding variables, and (2) spatial models of the change in counts/rates of each outcome measure and outlet density. We will assess the impact on health inequalities and will correct for population migration.DiscussionThis inter-disciplinary study requires expertise in epidemiology and public health, health informatics, medical statistics, geographical information science, and research into alcohol-related violence. Information governance requirements for the use of record-linked data have been approved together with formal data access agreements for the use of the Welsh Health Survey and Police data.The dissemination strategy will include policy makers in national and local government. Public engagement will be through the Clinical Research Collaboration-Cymru "Involving People" network, which will provide input into the implementation of the research.

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“…The role of alcohol in traffic crashes has been firmly established, but for prescription drugs, there is limited current, evidence‐based information 7–9 . Several psychoactive medications, such as benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants and mood stabilizers, that act on the central nervous system are known to impair driving ability and increase crash risk 10–13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%