Alcohol outlet density and violence: A geographically weighted regression approach

Cameron, Michael P.; Cochrane, William; Gordon, Craig; Livingston, Michael

doi:10.1111/dar.12295

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Between our off premises counts and on-premises patron capacity, we calculated an insignificant (p > 0.05), and low correlation (<0.30 correlation coefficient). These results show that congruent with other studies, our GLM model showed that bars and pubs have a greater factor increase on assault and disorder crime compared to off-premises licenses or other on-premises establishments [2,3,22,23,40,[42][43][44][45]. The locations of bars and pubs within DAs, and in neighboring DAs units (lag), had a significant association with (p < 0.05) assault and disorder crime counts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These limitations make it hard to distinguish individual establishment effects [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Other studies separate establishment types (on verses off premises), but do not differentiate between establishment size [2,3,22,23,[40][41][42][43][44][45]. One study represents on-premises alcohol licenses by size (patron seats), but uses a hypothetical change in alcohol establishment locations to indicate rises in crime [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Negative Effects of Alcohol Establishment Size and Proximity on the Frequency of Violent and Disorder Crime across Block Groups of Victoria, British Columbia

Fitterer

Nelson

Stockwell

2018

IJGI

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Abstract:Multiple studies have associated the density of alcohol establishments with crime. What is not well understood is the influence of establishment patron capacity on the magnitude of crime in an area, or how the spacing of liquor primary establishments impacts crime levels. Using a Poisson spatial lag model, we estimated how patron capacity of on-premises licenses and the total number of off-premises licenses were associated with the frequency of violent and disorder crime occurring on Friday and Saturday nights in Victoria, British Columbia. To identify how the distance between bars and pubs was associated with the frequency of crime within 200 m of each establishment, we applied bivariate curve fitting and change detection techniques. Our model explained 76% percent of the variance in crime frequencies. Bars and pubs within block groups, and in neighboring block groups, had a significant positive association (p < 0.05) with the frequency of crime compared to other on-premises licenses (e.g., restaurants, theatres, clubs, hotels), and off-premises liquor stores. For every additional 1111 bar or pub patron seats the crime frequency per block group is expected to double over a 17 month period (factor of 1.0009 per patron seat). Crime frequency significantly dropped (p < 0.05) around (200 m) bars and pubs that are spaced greater than 300 m apart. Our results provide the first evidenced-based information for evaluating the size and spacing of on-premises licenses in Canada.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Negative Effects of Alcohol Establishment Size and Proximity on the Frequency of Violent and Disorder Crime across Block Groups of Victoria, British Columbia

Fitterer

Nelson

Stockwell

2018

IJGI

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“…These relationships depend on a variety of factors, such as individual drinking patterns and preferences, and social and structural characteristics such as access to transport. 20 75 Where conditions are more uncertain, researchers have applied alternative models of foraging behavior. 21,22 If resources are randomly available and access is influenced by a multiplicity of factors, foraging would likely involve a more random search pattern.…”

Section: Random Brownian Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption and foraging behaviors for common stimulants (nicotine, caffeine)

Phillips

Currie

Ogeil

2015

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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Q3 5Models are needed to understand the emerging capability to track consumers' movements. Therefore, we examined the use of legal and readily available stimulants that vary in their addictive potential (nicotine, caffeine). One hundred sixty-six participants answered the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Severity of Dependence Scale for nicotine and caffeine, and reported the number of times and locations stimulants were purchased and used. On average, nicotine 10 dependent individuals made their purchases from 2 locations, while caffeine dependent individuals consumed caffeine at 2 locations, but some people exhibited a greater range and intensity of use. Stimulant foraging behavior could be described by power laws, and is exacerbated by dependency. The finding has implications for attempts to control substance use. Q5

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“…By definition, with off-licence venues the location of alcohol purchase differs from the location of consumption. For on-licenced venues there is no separation between the location of purchase and consumption meaning that any alcohol-related violence is more likely to occur within a small vicinity of the venue (Cameron et al 2016). Secondly, by focusing upon taverns, we ensure that we consider only venues where the consumption of alcohol can be considered to be the main activity undertaken.…”

Section: Location Of Tavernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the New Zealand context, where it has been estimated that approximately 31% of all recorded crime is perpetrated by an individual who has consumed alcohol prior to offending (Stevenson 2009), there is an extremely well developed body of literature linking alcohol outlet density and violent crime (Cameron et al 2012(Cameron et al , 2016. Furthermore, there is also a growing body of evidence linking alcohol outlet proximity to instances of violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison

Ward

Bracewell

2018

Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online

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This paper investigates how the associations between tavern proximity, tavern density and area unit socio-economic status with assault occurrence vary in a temporal sense. Using New Zealand Police data specifying the day, time and location of assaults in 2016 and Ministry of Justice data specifying the location of onlicenced taverns, we construct logistic regression models to determine how well tavern proximity, tavern density and socioeconomic status predict the occurrence of assaults at peak (Fri 22:00-Sat 03:00 and Sat 22:00-Sun 03:00) and off-peak times. An equal-sized sample of traffic generators (public venues whose primary function is not the sale of alcohol) is constructed and similar procedures applied. We find that tavern proximity and tavern density are stronger predictors of assault occurrence at peak, compared to off-peak, times. Conversely, socio-economic status is a better predictor of assault occurrence at off-peak times. We also find that whilst tavern proximity and density are stronger predictors of assault occurrence relative to traffic generator proximity and density at peak times, the opposite is true at offpeak times. These results suggest that in order to minimise alcohol-related harm, there is a need for policy-makers to take into account the temporal nature of these relationships. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Alcohol outlet density and violence: A geographically weighted regression approach

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

The Negative Effects of Alcohol Establishment Size and Proximity on the Frequency of Violent and Disorder Crime across Block Groups of Victoria, British Columbia

The Negative Effects of Alcohol Establishment Size and Proximity on the Frequency of Violent and Disorder Crime across Block Groups of Victoria, British Columbia

Consumption and foraging behaviors for common stimulants (nicotine, caffeine)

Tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison

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