Alcoholic subjects' attentional bias in the processing of alcohol-related words.

Johnsen, Bjørn Helge; Laberg, Jon Christian; Cox, W. Miles; Vaksdal, Arild; Hugdahl, Kenneth

doi:10.1037/0893-164x.8.2.111

Cited by 128 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this framework where alcohol has acquired strong motivational properties, alcohol-related stimuli may be seen as 'hijacking' the attention of heavy drinkers and alcoholics (e.g., Johnsen et al 1994;Townshend and Duka 2001;Waters and Green 2003;Noël et al 2005Noël et al , 2006Jones et al 2003). For instance, when performing the alcohol Stroop task, sober alcoholics are slower than non-alcoholic controls in naming the color of alcohol-related words (e.g., Johnsen et al 1994;Stetter et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, when performing the alcohol Stroop task, sober alcoholics are slower than non-alcoholic controls in naming the color of alcohol-related words (e.g., Johnsen et al 1994;Stetter et al 1995). When performing a selective attentional task (the dot-probe detection task), regular social drinkers show a clear attentional orienting response toward alcohol-related stimuli over neutral stimuli, whereas occasional alcohol drinkers do not (Townshend and Duka 2001;Field et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism

et al. 2007

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Background Individuals with alcoholism are characterized by both attentional bias for alcohol cues and prepotent response inhibition deficit. We tested the hypothesis that alcoholics exhibit greater cognitive disinhibition when the response to be suppressed is associated with alcohol-related information. Methods Forty recently detoxified individuals with alcoholism were compared with 40 healthy non-substance abusers on the "Alcohol-Shifting Task", a variant of the go/no-go paradigm requiring a motor response to targets and no response to distracters. The aim was to test the ability of alcoholics to discriminate between alcohol-related and neutral words. Sometimes, the alcohol-related words were the targets for the "go" response, with neutral words as distracters, sometimes the reverse. Several shifts in target type occurred during the task. Results Alcoholics made significantly more commission errors (i.e., press a key when a distracter displayed) and more omission errors (i.e., not press a key when a target displayed) than controls. Moreover, the number of commission errors was greater in alcoholics when alcoholrelated stimuli had to be detected. Conclusions These results demonstrate that alcoholics exhibit a basic prepotent response inhibition deficit, which is enhanced when the response to be suppressed is related to alcohol. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism

et al. 2007

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“…Tal punto de corte, si bien se puede variar en función de la finalidad que se le dé al mismo, puede resultar una herramienta de gran utilidad tanto en la práctica clínica como con fines de investigación. En este sentido, criterios similares, utilizados en la versión inglesa del instrumento, se han mostrado fiables a la hora de identificar no sólo a pacientes con abuso patológico de alcohol y/o dependencia alcohólica (p.e., Cox et al, 2003;Johnsen et al, 1994), sino también a pacientes dependientes con mayor probabilidad de recaída (Cox et al, 2002). De este modo, futuros estudios deberán contrastar la fiabilidad del instrumento desarrollado y analizar la eficacia de los criterios determinados en nuestro estudio a la hora de identificar pacientes con problemas de alcoholismo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…De este modo, las personas con problemas de consumo patológico y dependencia alcohólica tardarán más en nombrar el color de palabras relacionadas con el alcohol ya que sus recursos atencionales se quedarían "enganchados" en el procesamiento de dichos estímulos. Consistentemente, diversos estudios empleando esta prueba han mostrado que el índice de procesamiento atencional proporcionado por el test de Stroop de alcohol permite diferenciar a personas con abuso de alcohol de aquéllas que no abusan (Cox et al, 2003); así como a personas que han desarrollado una dependencia alcohólica de aquéllas que no (Johnsen, Laberg, Cox, Vaksdal & Hugdahl, 1994), e incluso a personas dependientes con más probabilidades de recaer en el consumo durante el tratamiento de la dependencia (Cox, Hogan, Kristian & Race, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol

et al. 2015

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Resumen: El sesgo atencional para el alcohol se ha mostrado útil para identificar a personas con consumo patológico así como a personas dependientes con altas probabilidades de recaída. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar la versión española del Test Stroop de Alcohol diseñado para evaluar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes del alcohol. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 173 participantes divididos en dos grupos: Un grupo de pacientes (n = 88) cumpliendo criterios de dependencia alcohólica y un grupo control (n = 85) con riesgo bajo de consumo de alcohol, que realizaron el Test de palabras y colores de Stroop (Stroop clásico), el Test de Stroop neutro y el Test de Stroop de Alcohol. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las interferencias para el Stroop Clásico y el Stroop de Alcohol. Los pacientes con dependencia, en comparación a los participantes control, mostraron mayores interferencias para estímulos de contenido alcohólico que para estímulos de contenido neutro. Este efecto fue explicado por un sesgo atencional para información relacionada con el alcohol en pacientes con dependencia. Se calcularon curvas COR, observándose áreas bajo la curva estadísticamente significativas para las interferencias del Stroop clásico y del Stroop de alcohol. Este trabajo sirvió para validar la versión española del Test Stroop de Alcohol para evaluar sesgos atencionales hacia el alcohol en personas con problemas de consumo y dependencia alcohólica. Palabras clave: Sesgo atencional; alcohol; alcoholismo; dependencia; Stroop de alcohol.Title: Validation of the Spanish Version of the Alcohol Stroop Test. Abstract: Attention bias for alcohol has proved useful to distinguish people with a pathological consumption of people who do not, and dependents who are more likely to fall in consumption. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test, designed to evaluate attention biases for alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients. The sample was composed by 173 participants divided into 2 groups: 1) "Patients" (n = 88) meeting criteria for alcohol dependence; and 2) "Control" (n = 85) having a low risk for alcohol consumption, that completed the Stroop color naming Task (Classic Stroop), the Neutral Stroop test and the alcohol Stroop test. Statistically significant differences were found in the interference effects calculated for the Classic and Alcohol Stroop tests. Patients compared to control participants showed a higher interference effect for alcohol-related stimuli than for neutral stimuli. These effects were accounted by an attention bias for alcohol-related information in patients. ROC curves were calculated for the three interference effects, showing an area under the curve statistically significant in the Classic Stroop interference and the Alcohol Stroop interference. This study provides the validation of the Spanish version of the Alcohol Stroop test that allows to evaluate attention biases for alcohol stimuli in individuals with both pathologic alcohol consu...

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“…AAB was first demonstrated with the Stroop paradigm (Johnsen, Laberg, Cox, Vaksdal, & Hugdahl, 1994), where the primary task is to quickly name the color of the print of words visually presented while ignoring the semantic context of each word. When the semantic content is alcohol-related (e.g., beer) the color-naming latency of heavier drinkers, problem drinkers, or alcoholics is found to be greater than when the semantic content is neutral (e.g., door).…”

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confidence: 99%

A working memory bias for alcohol-related stimuli depends on drinking score.

Kessler¹,

Pajak²,

Harkin³

et al. 2013

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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We tested 44 participants with respect to their working memory (WM) performance on alcohol-related versus neutral visual stimuli. Previously an alcohol attentional bias (AAB) had been reported using these stimuli, where the attention of frequent drinkers was automatically drawn toward alcohol-related items (e.g., beer bottle). The present study set out to provide evidence for an alcohol memory bias (AMB) that would persist over longer time-scales than the AAB. The WM task we used required memorizing 4 stimuli in their correct locations and a visual interference task was administered during a 4-sec delay interval. A subsequent probe required participants to indicate whether a stimulus was shown in the correct or incorrect location. For each participant we calculated a drinking score based on 3 items derived from the Alcohol Use Questionnaire, and we observed that higher scorers better remembered alcohol-related images compared with lower scorers, particularly when these were presented in their correct locations upon recall. This provides first evidence for an AMB. It is important to highlight that this effect persisted over a 4-sec delay period including a visual interference task that erased iconic memories and diverted attention away from the encoded items, thus the AMB cannot be reduced to the previously reported AAB. Our finding calls for further investigation of alcohol-related cognitive biases in WM, and we propose a preliminary model that may guide future research.

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Alcoholic subjects' attentional bias in the processing of alcohol-related words.

Cited by 128 publications

References 17 publications

Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism

Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism

Validación de un test para determinar el sesgo atencional en pacientes dependientes de alcohol

A working memory bias for alcohol-related stimuli depends on drinking score.

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