This paper is an overview of the past 15 years of research on American Indian psychiatric and social problems. Since the development of the first mental health program in the Indian Health Service (IHS) in 1967, there has been a significant increase in published articles on this topic. The number of relevant citations has doubled each decade, rising from 48 in the 1930s to 759 in the 1970s (Kelso and Attneave 1981). More important, in the past decade we have witnessed greater participation by American Indian scholars who have contributed significantly to the field with papers which put increased emphasis on indigenous syndromes, the relevance of service programmes, and the need for appropriate tribal sanction for research. The focus of recent investigations is shifting from anecdote and description to data-based studies covering many aspects of American Indian behaviour, including patterns of mental health and illness, socio-cultural determinants of behaviour, and developmental stages. In this paper we have included major contributions from all these areas.The paper is organized in ten sections. We first review the development of new Indian programmes and consider their impact on subsequent field studies and publications on Indian mental health.We then discuss emerging trends in mental health service utilization patterns, psychiatric epidemiology, and the renewed emphasis on understanding indigenous forms of illness and adjustment. Other sections consider depression and suicide, substance abuse and alcoholism, social pathologies, Indian children, prevention, and research approaches. Because of the importance of the subpopulation of Indian children, relevant studies concerning them are summarized separately.
EMERGING NETWORKIn the mid 1960s, Bergman, Mindell, and Bloom were appointed as area mental health directors for the IHS on the Navajo and Oglala at University of Texas Libraries on June 6, 2015 tps.sagepub.com Downloaded from