Aldol Condensations Catalyzed by Basic Anion‐Exchange Resins

Bonrath, Werner; Pressel, Yann; Schütz, Jan; Ferfecki, Erich; Topp, K.-D.

doi:10.1002/cctc.201600867

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dr Werner Bonrath 74 used five basic resins that can produce quaternary ammonium ions, two of which are polystyrene-based resins, namely Amberlyst™ A26-OH and Amberlyst™ 4, and the other three are polypropylene-based resins, namely Amberlyst™ 1, Amberlyst™ 2 and Amberlyst™ 3, to catalyze the aldol condensation reaction between citral and acetone to prepare β-ionone. The reaction route is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Alkaline Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of catalysts for aldol condensation of biomass based compounds

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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Section: Alkaline Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of catalysts for aldol condensation of biomass based compounds

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…Schütz et al developed an aldol condensation of citral (79, 63:37 mixture of geranial (Z)-79/neral (E)-79) with acetone to prepare ψ-Ionone or pseudoionone (80) in good yield (60-70%) [119]. By using ion-exchange resins such as Amberlyst ® A26 (OH form) as a heterogeneous base in a fixed-bed reactor, the α,β-unsaturated compound 80 was obtained and with a stable performance over more than 15 hours of continuous operation (Scheme 14).…”

Section: Scheme 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

Gambacorta¹,

Sharley²,

Baxendale³

2021

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.

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“…These types of catalysts exhibit the capacity to facilitate numerous chemical transformations efficiently and have already proven invaluable in water treatment processes such as water softening, complete deionization, and the purification of potable water [ 4 , 5 ]. Nonetheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that these catalysts can experience rapid deactivation due to the elimination or loss of the active sites [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. This aspect presents a challenge in maintaining their long-term catalytic efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amberlyst ® A26 OH [ 21 ] is well known as a basic catalyst for aldolization reactions [ 6 ], hence it is used as a benchmark to evaluate Lewatit ® K 6465’s performance as a catalyst. Table 1 sums up the physical and chemical properties of both ion exchange resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Stable Ion Exchange Resins as Catalysts for the Manufacturing of Vitamin Precursors by Aldol Reaction

Vosberg,

Bouveyron,

Eisen-Winter

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study explores the potential of robust, strongly basic type I ion exchange resins—specifically, Amberlyst® A26 OH and Lewatit® K 6465—as catalysts for the aldol condensation of citral and acetone, yielding pseudoionone. Emphasis is placed on their long-term stability and commendable performance in continuous operational settings. The aldol reaction, which traditionally is carried out using aqueous sodium hydroxide as the catalyst, holds the potential for enhanced sustainability and reduced waste production through the use of basic ion exchange resins in heterogeneous catalysis. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate catalyst deactivation mechanisms. The result of these calculations indicates that the active sites of Amberlyst® A26 OH are cleaved more easily than the active sites of Lewatit® K 6465. However, the experimental data show a gradual decline in catalytic activity for both resins. Batch experiments reveal Amberlyst® A26 OH’s active sites diminishing, while Lewatit® K 6465 maintains relative consistency. This points to distinct deactivation processes for each catalyst. The constant count of basic sites in Lewatit® K 6465 during the reaction suggests additional factors due to its unique polymer structure. This intriguing observation also highlights an exceptional temperature stability for Lewatit® K 6465 compared to Amberlyst® A26 OH, effectively surmounting one of the prominent challenges associated with the utilization of ion exchange resins in catalytic applications.

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Aldol Condensations Catalyzed by Basic Anion‐Exchange Resins

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Research progress of catalysts for aldol condensation of biomass based compounds

Research progress of catalysts for aldol condensation of biomass based compounds

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

Temperature Stable Ion Exchange Resins as Catalysts for the Manufacturing of Vitamin Precursors by Aldol Reaction

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