Alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Bertelsen, Mads F.; Sauer, Cathrine

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00640.x

Cited by 66 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In reptiles, smooth induction of anaesthesia can be achieved with alfaxalone (Bertelsen and Sauer 2011;Jones 2012;Kischinowsky et al 2013;Knotek 2014). In loggerhead sea turtles endotracheal intubation is easy to perform following intravenous administration of alfaxalone at low doses of 3-5 mg/ kg (Phillips et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alfaxalone (3-α-hydroxy-5-α-pregnane-11,20-dione) is a drug that is used for anaesthesia and induction to inhalation anaesthesia in exotic animals including reptiles (Bertelsen and Sauer 2011;Knotek et al 2011;Jones 2012;Kischinowski et al 2013;Knotek et al 2013a;Knotek et al 2013b;Shepard et al 2013;Knotek 2014). Studies have described a reliable induction of anaesthesia in reptiles within the first two minutes after intravenous administration of alfaxalone at a dose rate of 2-4 mg/kg (Carmel 2002;Simpson 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards with alfaxalone

Knotek¹

2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to evaluate intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxalone for tracheal tube insertion in three species of agamid lizards. Alfaxalone, at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, was administered intravenously to 80 inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), 10 Rankin's dragons (Pogona henrylawsoni) and 10 Chinese water dragons (Physignathus cocincinus) following 24 h of fasting. The righting reflex in inland bearded dragons, Rankin's dragons and Chinese water dragons was lost within 12-45 s (17.52 ± 8.80 s), 15-40 s (24.60 ± 9.61 s) and 12-40 s (21.70 ± 9.53 s), respectively. The mean tracheal tube insertion time for inland bearded dragons, Rankin's dragons and Chinese water dragons was 23.61 ± 10.91 s, 35.30 ± 14.71 s and 32.00 ± 14.32 s, respectively. Intravenous use of alfaxalone proved to be a suitable method for safe tracheal tube insertion and induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards with alfaxalone

Knotek¹

2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…The conveyors electrodes were placed in this way: 4 in the cranial part of the aluminum foil and 4 in the caudal part (Figure 9). The distribution of daily sessions was organized according to the eventual administration of anesthesia [17] and to the response of the animal to handling: when the patient was calm and showed no signs of discomfort, more sessions for day were performed for a maximum of 6 sessions for day (the animals were more calm if we covered them with a dark cloth).…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical reparative treatment in reptiles

Rinaldi

Iannaccone²,

Magi

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe tissue growth necessary to achieve a complete or partial restitution ad integrum as a result of injury to soft tissue and/or hard times in reptiles is variable and often needs long time in relation to the species, to the habitat and to their intrinsic physiological characteristics. The purpose of this work was to see if the tissue optimization (TO) treatment with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) provided good results in these animals and whether its use translates into reduced time of tissue repair. This paper describes preliminary results with in promoting the tissue repair in reptiles. Cases presentationA 5 year old male Testudo graeca (Leo) and Trachemys scripta scripta (Mir) and a 15 year old female Testudo hermanni (Juta) were evaluated because of soft tissue injuries. A female 25 year old Trachemys scripta elegans (Ice), a female 2.5 year old Trachemys scripta scripta (Penelope) as well as a 50 year old male Testudo graeca (Margherito) were evaluated because of wounds of the carapace. Following debridement and traditional therapies, Leo, Penelope and Margherito were exposed to the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) device, with a specific treatment protocol, named tissue optimization-basic (TO-B). Also Ice and Mir were subjected to REAC treatment after wounds debridement. Juta was treated only with REAC treatment. Complete wound healing was evident after 17 days for Leo, 7 days for Penelope, 27 days for Mir, 78 days for Ice and after 14 days for Margherito. Juta showed a considerable tissue activation in 2 days and complete wound healing in 5 days. ConclusionOur findings suggest that REAC TO-B treatment may provide advantages over other traditional methods after complete wound healing in Leo, and also suitable healing in the other patients. Then REAC device with its specific treatment TO-B protocol, which induces tissue repair without causing severe stress to the patient, could be a potential therapy for tissue damage healing in reptiles. Further studies still need to be conducted to support our observations.

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“…7,8 Although alfaxalone is marketed for IV use, it also works as an intramuscular injectable agent in both mammalian and non-mammalian species, including iguanas, turtles, bullfrogs, rabbits, rodents, and ferrets. 1,[4][5][6] While immersion anesthesia is practical for smaller fish, it is not always feasible in fish that are not easily isolated, or are too large to induce via immersion. Similarly, intravenous access is not always practical or possible, and intramuscular injection would also be easier for a wider population of veterinarians and personnel to institute as a drug delivery method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Bailey¹,

Minter²,

Lewbart³

et al. 2014

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Fish are commonly anesthetized with MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), a sodium-channel-blocker used as an immersion anesthetic, but its mechanism of action as a general anesthetic is uncertain. Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that acts at the GABA(A) receptors. Alfaxalone has been evaluated and was deemed successful as an immersion agent in koi carp. Alfaxalone is an effective intramuscular anesthetic in multiple species. A reliable intramuscular anesthetic in fish would be useful in multiple settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate alfaxalone as an intramuscular injectable anesthetic agent in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Eight koi carp were utilized in a crossover design. In each trial, six fish received 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10mg/kg of alfaxalone intramuscularly. They were assessed every 15 min for opercular rate and sedation score. The sedation score was based on a visual scale from 0 to 5, 0 indicating no response and 5 indicating absent righting reflex and anesthesia. Anesthetized koi were placed on a fish anesthesia delivery system (FADS). Time to anesthesia/recovery was recorded and heart rate was recorded every 15 min. Anesthesia was achieved in 0/6, 1/6, and 5/6 fish at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Duration of anesthesia for one fish at 5 mg/kg was 2 hr. At 10 mg/kg, median anesthesia duration was 6.5 (3-10) hr. At 10 mg/kg, prolonged apnea (2-3 hr) was observed in 3/6 fish, 2/3 died under anesthesia, and 1/3 recovered 10 hr post-injection. Median peak sedation scores were 1.5, 2.5, and 5, at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. A dosage of 10 mg/kg alfaxalone resulted in 33% mortality. The duration of anesthesia and opercular rate were unpredictable. Due to variation in response despite consistent conditions, as well as risk of mortality, intramuscular alfaxalone cannot be recommended for anesthesia in koi carp.

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Alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Cited by 66 publications

References 16 publications

Induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards with alfaxalone

Induction to inhalation anaesthesia in agamid lizards with alfaxalone

Physical reparative treatment in reptiles

ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

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