Algae as biosorption agents for recovering environments contaminated by trace metals: an overview of a potentially useful tool for mine disasters in Brazil

Metal biosorption onto non-living algae: a critical review on metal recovery from wastewater

“…These challenges include algae cultivation scale-up, algae harvesting, emphasis on algae use for water decontamination, lack of consideration of ion and metal competition, insufficient experimental data on natural wastewater and the cost performance of algae. 33,[45][46][47][48][49] In metal recovery, wastewaters with higher metal concentrations are advantageous due to their greater inherent value. Acid mine drainage wastewater (AMD) is an environmental issue resulting from the oxidation of sulfide minerals in mining activities that usually contain a considerable metal content and an acidic pH.…”