Algal cellulose as a reinforcement in rigid polyurethane foam

Jonjaroen, Veasarach; Ummartyotin, S.; Chittapun, Supenya

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.102057

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results were found to be in agreement with the report by Silva et al and Jonjaroen et al where reduction of foam cells was demonstrated after the introduction of waste cellulose fibers and algal cellulose, respectively [ 22 , 46 ]. The use of the other fillers caused an increase in the size of the pores, especially in the case of hazelnut shells, followed by walnut shells and raspberry seeds.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As demonstrated in the recent literature reports, the waste can be a valuable raw material for the production of PU foams [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Moreover, the introduction of algal cellulose into PU composites (0.5–1.6 (w/v)) might lead to enhanced properties due to the integration of the natural product into the foam structure, which results from an increased shock absorption capacity of the materials [ 22 ]. The influence of the potato protein (PP) on the properties of RPUFs was also investigated, at it yielded foams with enhanced mechanical properties, higher apparent density, comparable thermal conductivity, and lower water uptake compared to a neat foam (0.1 wt.% of PP) [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This substance also increases the resistance of fibers to microorganisms. Cellulose, composed of linear D-glucose chains linked with β1-4 glycosidic bonds, is non-toxic, hydrophilic, and biodegradable; it is the main structural component of cell walls [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2021

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The reported study concerns the introduction of renewable raw materials into the formulation of rigid polyurethane foams in the quest for the sustainable development of polymer composites. In this study, rigid polyurethane foam composites were prepared using 75 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyol and 15 parts per hundred parts of polyol (php) of natural fillers such as chokeberry pomace, raspberry seeds, as well as hazelnut and walnut shells. The influence of the used raw materials on the foaming process, structure, and properties of foams was investigated using a FOAMAT analyzer and a wide selection of characterization techniques. The introduction of renewable raw materials limited reactivity of the system, which reduced maximum temperature of the foaming process. Moreover, foams prepared using renewable raw materials were characterized by a more regular cell structure, a higher share of closed cells, lower apparent density, lower compressive strength and glass transition temperature, low friability (<2%), low water absorption (<1%), high dimensional stability (< ± 0.5%) and increased thermal stability. The proper selection and preparation of the renewable raw materials and the rational development of the polyurethane recipe composition allow for the preparation of environmentally-friendly foam products with beneficial application properties considering the demands of the circular economy in the synthesis of rigid foams.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, a lower ratio of PURb/WS indicates a lower amount of PURb, which hinders the foaming process of PUR biocomposite foams. The results of previous studies of PUR biocomposite foams modified with other fillers show that an incorporation of, e.g., industrial potato protein [ 43 ], solid waste from leather industry [ 44 ], or algal cellulose [ 45 ], reduce the reactivity of the overall system, thus increasing the apparent density of the resultant PUR products. However, a further increase in PURb/WS ratio leads to a more effective blowing efficiency due to an increase in the PURb amount, which produces a higher reaction ability and CO 2 emission as the –OH groups from polyol and –NCO groups from isocyanate react with each other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of Wood Waste as a Potential Filler for Loose-Fill Building Insulation: Appropriate Selection and Incorporation into Polyurethane Biocomposite Foams

et al. 2020

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Currently, the recycling potential of wood waste (WW) is still limited, and in a resource efficiency approach, recycling WW in insulation materials, such as polyurethane (PUR), appears as an appropriate solution. It is known that the quality of WW is the main aspect which influences the stability of the final products. Therefore, the current study analyses different WW-based fillers as possible modifiers for polyurethane biocomposite foams for the application as loose-fill materials in building envelopes. During the study of WW-based fillers, it was determined that the most promising filler is wood scobs (WS) with a thermal conductivity of 0.0496 W/m·K, short-term water absorption by partial immersion—12.5 kg/m2, water vapour resistance—0.34 m2·h·Pa/mg and water vapour diffusion resistance factor—2.4. In order to evaluate the WS performance as a filler in PUR biocomposite foams, different ratios of PUR binder and WS filler (PURb/WS) were selected. It was found that a 0.40 PURb/WS ratio is insufficient for the appropriate wetting of WS filler while a 0.70 PURb/WS ratio produced PUR biocomposite foams with the most suitable performance: thermal conductivity reduced from 0.0523 to 0.0476 W/m·K, water absorption—from 5.6 to 1.3 kg/m2, while the compressive strength increased from 142 to 272 kPa and the tensile strength increased from 44 to 272 kPa.

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“…In both cases, an improvement in the mechanical characteristics of PUR materials was observed. Cellulose derived from algal residue was selected as a reinforcing filler for PUR composites by Jonjaroen et al [ 21 ]. According to the presented results, such developed PUR composites were characterized by greater apparent density, higher stiffness, and reduced loss modulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coir Fibers Treated with Henna as a Potential Reinforcing Filler in the Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites

2021

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In this study, coir fibers were successfully modified with henna (derived from the Lawsonia inermis plant) using a high-energy ball-milling process. In the next step, such developed filler was used as a reinforcing filler in the production of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams. The impact of 1, 2, and 5 wt % of coir-fiber filler on structural and physico-mechanical properties was evaluated. Among all modified series of PUR composites, the greatest improvement in physico-mechanical performances was observed for PUR composites reinforced with 1 wt % of the coir-fiber filler. For example, on the addition of 1 wt % of coir-fiber filler, the compression strength was improved by 23%, while the flexural strength increased by 9%. Similar dependence was observed in the case of dynamic-mechanical properties—on the addition of 1 wt % of the filler, the value of glass transition temperature increased from 149 °C to 178 °C, while the value of storage modulus increased by ~80%. It was found that PUR composites reinforced with coir-fiber filler were characterized by better mechanical performances after the UV-aging.

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Algal cellulose as a reinforcement in rigid polyurethane foam

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Research of Wood Waste as a Potential Filler for Loose-Fill Building Insulation: Appropriate Selection and Incorporation into Polyurethane Biocomposite Foams

Coir Fibers Treated with Henna as a Potential Reinforcing Filler in the Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites

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