Algebraic formulation of nonlinear surface impedance boundary condition coupled with BEM for unstructured meshes

Freschi, Fabio; Giaccone, Luca; Repetto, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/j.enganabound.2017.12.008

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In this paper, only the chassis of the car is considered and modeled as a surface mesh (see Figure 1c), since the numerical formulation is based on the SIBC method [11]. In order to investigate the effect of the car body shielding on the exposure assessment, two different materials were considered: aluminum and carbon fiber.…”

Section: Car Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such unbounded multiscale problems are not easily solved using standard volume-based methods like finite elements. For this reason, a hybrid BEM/SIBC formulation was used [11]. The BEM accounts for the unbounded air domain and for the non-conductive magnetic materials, whereas the SIBC is used to model the eddy currents in thin conductive layers.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this approach becomes impractical for medium-scale problems, because the lower-left block requires the preliminary calculation of the impedance matrix Z = Y −1 . The explicit inversion of the admittance matrix is computationally intensive and gives rise to a dense block in addition to the BEM matrices H and W [11].…”

Section: Magnetic Field Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the reduced conductivities of CF materials make the solver even slower to converge, with longer simulation times. Thus, to reduce the computational burden, a hybrid approach based on the boundary element method (BEM) and surface impedance boundary conditions (SIBCs) has been adopted [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chassis Influence on the Exposure Assessment of a Compact EV during WPT Recharging Operations

2021

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In this study, the external magnetic field emitted by a wireless power transfer (WPT) system and the internal electric field induced in human body models during recharging operations of a compact electric vehicle (EV) are evaluated. The magneticfield is calculated with a hybrid scheme coupling the boundary element method with the surface impedance boundary conditions in order to fit the multiscale open-boundary characteristics of the problem. A commercial software is then used to perform numerical dosimetry. Specifically, two realistic anatomical models, both in a driving position and in a standing posture, are considered, and the chassis of the EV is modeled either as a currently employed aluminum alloy and as a futuristic carbon fiber composite panel. Aligned and misaligned coil configurations of the WPT system are considered as well. The analysis of the obtained results shows that the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels are exceeded in the driving position, especially for the carbon fiber chassis, whereas the system is compliant with the basic restrictions, at least for the considered scenarios.

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Section: Car Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetic Field Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetic Field Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chassis Influence on the Exposure Assessment of a Compact EV during WPT Recharging Operations

2021

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“…Nevertheless, from the optimization point of view, this may imply more computational requirements and longer computation time, depending on the complexity of the analyzed system, so obtaining new analytical formulae for more realistic situations would lead to faster and more efficient optimization procedures for this mitigation technique. Nonetheless, new numerical approaches have been presented recently that may help in this task in the near future [104][105][106][107] since they drastically reduce the number of unknowns when dealing with thin shields, in comparison with FEM.…”

Section: Passive Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Optimization Techniques Applied to Magnetic Field Mitigation in Power Systems

2019

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With the continuous increase in the number and relevance of electric transmission lines and distribution networks, there is a higher exposure to the magnetic fields generated by them, leading to more cases of human electrosensitivity, which greatly necessitates the design and development of magnetic field mitigation procedures and, at the same time, the need to minimize both performance degradation and deterioration in the efficiency as well. During the last four decades, fruitful results have been reported about extremely low frequency magnetic field mitigation, giving a wide variety of solutions. This survey paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of cost-effective optimization techniques destined to magnetic field mitigation in power systems, with particular attention to the results reported in the last decade.

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Fast and Reliable Human Exposure Assessment Around High Power Systems Using Surrogate Modeling

Lagouanelle,

Freschi,

Pichon

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Due to the high level of magnetic stray field around high power electromagnetic systems, the human exposure needs to be properly assessed in order to check the compliance with international standards and guidelines. Such analyses are usually made in two steps: first a proper map of the magnetic field in the vicinity area is computed, where, in a second time a human model is used to compute induced dosimetric quantities. Unfortunately, such high power systems have a high computational cost in addition to the complexity of 3D human models. Thus, this paper shows the useful combination of stochastic tools with numerical solvers in order to build accurate predictors at a low computation cost in the case of human exposure for various high power systems. These surrogate models can be used to accurately analyze the sensitivity of the exposure problem regarding various input parameters at a low computation cost. A dosimetric methodology for assessing the safety of a human body around an inductive power transfer system for automotive applications, using an adaptive metamodelling algorithm coupled with a voxelized 3D human model, has been developed. Such analysis has been successfully extended to a system where human exposure assessment are crucially needed: medium-frequency direct-current welding guns, treating the case of human exposure to a pulsed magnetic field. This methodology manages to reduce the computation time by more than 99.9% compared to a classical analysis for both exposure problems.INDEX TERMS Human exposure, stochastic methods, numerical dosimetry, metamodel, wireless power transfer, spot welding.

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Algebraic formulation of nonlinear surface impedance boundary condition coupled with BEM for unstructured meshes

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Chassis Influence on the Exposure Assessment of a Compact EV during WPT Recharging Operations

Chassis Influence on the Exposure Assessment of a Compact EV during WPT Recharging Operations

A Survey on Optimization Techniques Applied to Magnetic Field Mitigation in Power Systems

Fast and Reliable Human Exposure Assessment Around High Power Systems Using Surrogate Modeling

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