Algorithm for encoding nD spatial objects into GIS

Introduction. The current state of scientific knowledge has new specific features that facilitate generalizations, including when working with categorical systems. The research problem lies in the need of science and practice in the presence of scientifically grounded categorical systems. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibilities of scientific approaches in the formation of a scientifically grounded categorical system. Materials and Methods. In the development of categorical systems, it is necessary to search at the level of a general methodology where there is reliance on philosophical scientific approaches to research. Results. The categorical, systemic and holistic approaches proposed by the author for the study of categorical systems are presented. In research, the system and integrity must be considered as characteristics, fundamental properties and attributes of categories. At the same time, an integral object should be characterized in spatial and temporal organization. The categorical system is understood as a specially developed form of organization of scientific knowledge, which allows to represent objects in a holistic way through given meaningful relations in the totality of their interaction. Discussion and Conclusion. The methodological foundations of the study have been determined, which serve as guidelines for further research of the categorical system: categorical, systemic and holistic approaches. To describe the categorical system of social education, a classification of categories is proposed, based on two criteria: the appointment of a category and the mechanism of formation of a category. The system-forming features of the description of the categorical system have been determined.

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The Use of Water Treatment Petroleum Sludge in the Manufacture of Ceramic Products

Свергузова

Sapronova

Valiev³

2020

SSP

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The paper presents the results of studies of the possibility of utilization of petroleum sludge, obtained during the purification of oil-water emulsions, using gabbro-diabase powder in the production of ceramic building products. The sludge is proposed to add to the clay mass as an entrained additive. The influence of the sludge additive mass on such physical and mechanical indicators of ceramic samples, as density, compressive strength, water absorption, air shrinkage and fire shrinkage, and density, is studied. Ceramic samples were prepared using natural clays, deposits Bessonovka (Belgorod region) and Podgornoye (Voronezh region). It is shown that the addition of 2% mass to the clay mass of the sludge leads to an increase in the compressive strength of the samples up to 90%, an air shrinkage of 1%, an increase in water absorption 1-2%. The value of the fire shrinkage remains unchanged. With an increase in the proportion of sludge additive to 7%, all indicators slightly change. Water absorption and air shrinkage increase, compressive strength, fire shrinkage and density decrease. However, further, when there is 7% of sludge in the clay mixture, the strength of ceramic samples corresponds to a grade not lower than 150, according to GOST 530-2012.

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Algorithm for encoding nD spatial objects into GIS

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Analysis of Changes in Topological Relations Between Spatial Objects at Different Times

Analysis of Changes in Topological Relations Between Spatial Objects at Different Times

Approaches to Study the Categorial System

The Use of Water Treatment Petroleum Sludge in the Manufacture of Ceramic Products

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