Alguns Crinoides da Formação Ponta Grossa e suas afinidades paleobiogeográficas (Devoniano Inferior, Bacia do Paraná, Brasil)

Abstract

Resumo: A primeira descrição e ilustração de equinodermas da Formação Ponta Grossa foi apresentada por John Mason Clarke, na Monografia número 1 do Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil, na qual descreveu duas espécies de estrelas-do-mar, únicos asterozoários ainda hoje conhecidos nessa unidade. Nesse trabalho, também foi apresentada uma das primeiras descrições de crinoides da América do Sul, com base em material das Ilhas Malvinas. Em todo o restante do século XX, poucos foram os trabalhos que versaram sobre os equinodermas do Devoniano da Bacia do Paraná, resultando em um conhecimento parco de sua fauna. O presente estudo pretende dar continuidade ao esforço iniciado por Clarke no estudo do filo, apresentando a identificação e a descrição de quatro formas de crinoides para a Formação Ponta Grossa: Ophiocrinus stangeri, Monobathrida indet., Ctenocrinus sp. e Costalocrinus? sp. As afinidades paleobiogeográficas da fauna de equinodermas da América do Sul são discutidas, e curiosamente, poucos são os táxons em comum entre os vários países que formavam o Domínio Malvinocáfrico. Essa fauna parece apresentar grande influência das formas do Maciço Xistoso Renano (sul da Báltica), Maciço Armoricano e Península Ibérica (Armórica) e norte da África (norte do Gondwana).Palavras Chaves: Crinoidea. Taxonomia. Praguiano. Emsiano. América do Sul. Abstract:The first description and illustration of the echinoderms from Ponta Grossa Formation was presented by John Mason Clarke, in the first Monograph of the Geological and Mineralogical Survey of Brazil. In this work, he describes two species of starfish, the only asterozoans still known in this geological unit. Clarke also presents one of the first descriptions of crinoids in South America, based on material of the

Crinoids from the Lower (Pragian–Emsian) and Middle (early Eifelian) Devonian of Bolivia (Icla and Belén formations, Malvinokaffric Realm)

“…fam., are very aberrant, with calyx plate construction very different from the other families of the order. According to Scheffler et al (2013) and Scheffler (2015), the echinoderm fauna of South America, including the Malvinokaffric fauna, displays a strong endemism, with a marked influence of the Rhenish Massif (Southern Baltica), Armorican Massif, Iberian Peninsula, Bohemia, and North Africa (northern Gondwana, Ibarmaghian Domain, sensu Plusquellec et al, 1997). This suggests that, as commented by other authors, the Rheic Ocean suffered a significant reduction mainly during the Emsian and did not represent an effective barrier to the dispersal of many species (Morzadec et al, 1988;Robardet et al, 1993;Plusquellec et al, 1997;Robardet, 2003).…”

“…After the earliest descriptions in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries (e.g., Katzer, 1897Katzer, , 1903Katzer, , 1933Knod, 1908;Kirk, 1913), there are just a few taxonomic papers, most of them in the 1980s (e.g., Branisa, 1965;Macurda, 1979;McIntosh, 1981McIntosh, , 1987McIntosh, , 1988Waisfeld, 1989;Haude, 1995) and recently during the 21 st century (e.g., Haude, 2004;Scheffler et al, 2006Scheffler et al, , 2011Scheffler et al, , 2013Scheffler et al, , 2014Scheffler et al, , 2015Scheffler and Fernandes, 2007a;Thompson et al, 2013; see Scheffler et al, 2013 andScheffler, 2015 for a listing of known taxa). Among stalked echinoderms, the most representative is the Crinoidea, which has 29 known taxa, based on formal taxonomy (Scheffler et al, 2013), including the taxa described here. Of these 29 taxa, 16 are genera or species endemic to South America, classic representatives of the Malvinokaffric Realm (Scheffler et al, 2013; supplemented with the data in this paper).…”

“…In spite of these predictions, knowledge of the crinoids in South America has increased in the last two decades, but the South American fauna remains dominated by camerates, mainly of the order Diplobathrida. This crinoid fauna has no similarity with the fauna of South Africa (except by Ophiocrinus stangeri), but has taxa associated with the eastern United States of America, and mainly Europe and northern Gondwana (Scheffler et al, 2013;Scheffler, 2015). Although elements that have similarity to Europe and northern Gondwana Old World Realm have long been known in other Devonian invertebrate groups of .…”

“…Stalked echinoderms are little known in the Devonian of South America. After the earliest descriptions in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries (e.g., Katzer, 1897, 1903, 1933; Knod, 1908; Kirk, 1913), there are just a few taxonomic papers, most of them in the 1980s (e.g., Branisa, 1965; Macurda, 1979; McIntosh, 1981, 1987, 1988; Waisfeld, 1989; Haude, 1995) and recently during the 21 st century (e.g., Haude, 2004; Scheffler et al, 2006, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015; Scheffler and Fernandes, 2007a; Thompson et al, 2013; see Scheffler et al, 2013 and Scheffler, 2015 for a listing of known taxa). Among stalked echinoderms, the most representative is the Crinoidea, which has 29 known taxa, based on formal taxonomy (Scheffler et al, 2013), including the taxa described here.…”

About Echinoderms of the Devonian of the Paraná Basin: Faunal Turnovers and Implications for Bioestratigraphic Utility

“…Nas unidades geológicas devonianas desta bacia, como nas demais bacias paleozoicas brasileiras, a presença de crinoides é representada quase que exclusivamente por fragmentos incompletos das colunas e suas partes dissociadas, sendo a presença de cálices citada esporadicamente a partir do século XXI no Devoniano do Estado do Paraná (Scheffler et al, 2001;Scheffler & Fernandes, 2003;Scheffler et al, 2013).…”