Aliphatic Alcohols

Harger, Rolla N.; Forney, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-536501-7.50007-2

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…We emphasize first that, when the concentration of a drug at the effect site itself cannot be measured, acute tolerance cannot be assessed by bolus-dose experiments alone (as by Chow et al, for example, in their study of cocaine effects [29]). A similar point has previously been made regarding ethanol (30,31). To distinguish acute functional tolerance from distributional effects, steady state type experiments may be required.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Apparent tolerance to the acute effect of nicotine results in part from distribution kinetics.

Porchet¹,

Benowitz²,

Sheiner³

et al. 1987

J. Clin. Invest.

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Persons exposed to nicotine develop tolerance to many of its effects. When heart rate and forearm venous blood concentration are plotted against time after intravenous administration of nicotine, a greater increase in heart rate is seen for-a given nicotine concentration during the rising phase of nicotine. concentrations than during the decreasing phase. This could be due to acute tolerance or to more rapid distribution of drug to effect site (brain) than to venous blood. To distinguish between these possibilities, six rabbits were given nicotine intravenously. Blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein (reflecting brain concentration), and the femoral vein and artery. Brain concentrations peaked before femoral venous concentrations. Seven men received intravenous infusions of nicotine. Peripheral venous blood concentrations and cardiovascular responses were measured. Heart rate peaked before venous concentrations. A physiological kinetic model, fit to the rabbit data, was scaled to humans and used to predict "brain" concentrations in them. Heart rate and predicted brain concentrations peaked simultaneously. We conclude that the rapid development of tolerance to the cardioaccelerating effect of nicotine can be attributed, at least in part, to its distribution kinetics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…An infusion of nicotine bitartrate, 25 Mg (nicotine base)/kg per min, was given over 1 min. Blood samples (1 ml each) for nicotine concentration were drawn simultaneously at the three sampling sites at 1,3,5,7,10,15,20,30,45, and 60 min. At the end of the experiment the animals were killed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent tolerance to the acute effect of nicotine results in part from distribution kinetics.

Porchet¹,

Benowitz²,

Sheiner³

et al. 1987

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Regarding tissue ethanol concentrations, not much discussion is possible since there have been few articles reported for humans [8,16,17]. Christopoulos et al [16] and Harger and Forney [17] reported the alcohol concentrations in various fluid and solid specimens obtained in autopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fatal case of pure ethanol ingestion

Hieda

Takeshita

Fujihara

et al. 2005

Forensic Science International

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“…This article discusses the most common aliphatic alcohols containing from one to six carbons in their molecules. Many of them represent a serious and potentially life-threatening problem (Harger and Forney 1963).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols

Patočka¹,

Kuča²

2012

MMSL

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SummaryToxic alcohols that clinicians commonly encounter are ethylene glycol, methanol, and isopropanol. Adults ingest these either for suicidal intent or to achieve inebriation, since these substances are readily available and cheaper than alcohol. Nevertheless, assorted alcohols are used very often in many applications and any alcohol can be toxic if ingested in large enough quantities. Toxic alcohols discussed here include all saturated aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 6 carbons in their molecules.

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Aliphatic Alcohols

Cited by 18 publications

References 115 publications

Apparent tolerance to the acute effect of nicotine results in part from distribution kinetics.

Apparent tolerance to the acute effect of nicotine results in part from distribution kinetics.

A fatal case of pure ethanol ingestion

Toxic Alcohols: Aliphatic Saturated Alcohols

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