Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Carreón, Tania; Herrick, Robert

doi:10.1002/0471435139.tox049.pub2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 434 publications

(479 reference statements)

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“…Note that the vibrations of amides and hydrocarbons, and aliphatics which appear as the highest peaks in both plots imply that they have the greatest influence on the prediction of total solids of curry soup. As mentioned by Carreón and Herrick, 12 aliphatic hydrocarbons are open-chain compounds that may be saturated or unsaturated. The saturated compounds are single bond and known as paraffin hydrocarbons or alkanes, whereas the unsaturated compounds fall into a number of homologous series.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Total Solids of Curry Soup Containing Coconut Milk by near Infrared Spectroscopy

Sirisomboon

Nawayon

2016

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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The aim of this research was to perform a feasibility study of the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to evaluate the total solids content of instant curry soups containing coconut milk; these included green curry, red curry, massaman curry and panang curry. The soup samples were collected from mixing tanks, water adjusting tanks, ultra-high temperature process line and laminated cartons.Adjusted samples were made from the same recipe as in the processing line but with the total solids increased by 30%, 60% and 90%, and reduced by 30%, 60% and 90% total solids from normal levels. Each sample was scanned with a Fourier transform NIR spectrometer. A prediction model for total solids was established using NIR spectral data in conjunction with reference data using partial least squares regression, which was validated using leave-one-out validation and test set validation. The test set validation showed better prediction performance as proved by using an unknown sample set. The test set validation model was developed using multiplicative scatter correction of spectra for the 6102-5446.3 cm -1 and 4605.4-4242.9 cm -1 regions, and provided a coefficient of determination for prediction (r 2 ), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), bias and ratio of standard error of prediction to the standard deviation (RPD) of 0.92, 0.95%, -0.20% and 3.71, respectively. It was shown that NIR spectroscopy could be applied in an instant curry soup production line for process control and quality assurance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Total Solids of Curry Soup Containing Coconut Milk by near Infrared Spectroscopy

Sirisomboon

Nawayon

2016

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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“…Methane is a simple asphyxiant. High concentrations of methane gas (>92,000 mg/m 3 ) can displace the supply of oxygen in the air, especially in confined spaces (Carreon and Herrick, 2012). Methane is predicted to induce central nervous system effects in humans at 200,000 mg/m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling emissions from CAFO poultry farms in Poland and evaluating potential risk to surrounding populations

Pohl

Citra

Abadin

et al. 2017

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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The world-wide use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) for livestock production demands the need to evaluate the potential impact to public health. We estimated the exposure of various airborne pollutants for populations residing in close proximity to 10 poultry CAFOs located in Central Poland. Ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and organic dust were the pollutants of interest for this study. Because no monitoring data were available, we used the steady-state Gaussian dispersion model AERMOD to estimate pollutant concentrations for the exposed population in order to calculate the hazard index (HI) for a combined mixture of chemicals. Our results indicate that while the levels of certain pollutants are expected to exceed background levels commonly found in the environment they did not result in calculated hazard indexes which exceeded unity suggesting low potential for adverse health effects for the surrounding community for the mixture of chemicals. The study was conducted through a cooperation between the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) in the USA and the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM) in Poland.

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“…5 Subsequent volunteer studies 4,6,7 showed that acute or repeated exposures to propane and isobutane at levels up to 1000 ppm for periods of up to 8 hours did not produce any untoward physiological effects. These data suggested that, in addition to being asphyxiants, low-molecular-weight alkanes might also cause acute central nervous system effects at high concentrations 8 but are unlikely to produce other effects at levels up to at least 1000 ppm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxicological Properties of Petroleum Gases

McKee

Herron²,

Saperstein³

et al. 2013

Int J Toxicol

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To characterize the toxicological hazards of petroleum gases, 90-day inhalation toxicity (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD] 413) and developmental toxicity (OECD 414) tests were conducted with liquefied propane gas (LPG) at concentrations of 1000, 5000, or 10 000 ppm. A micronucleus test (OECD 474) of LPG was also conducted. No systemic or developmental effects were observed; the overall no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was 10 000 ppm. Further, there was no effect of LPG exposure at levels up to 10 000 ppm on micronucleus induction and no evidence of bone marrow toxicity. Other alkane gases (ethane, propane, n-butane, and isobutane) were then evaluated in combined repeated exposure studies with reproduction/development toxicity screening tests (OECD 422). There were no toxicologically important changes in parameters relating to systemic toxicity or neurotoxicity for any of these gases at concentrations ranging from 9000 to 16 000 ppm. There was no evidence of effects on developmental or reproductive toxicity in the studies of ethane, propane, or n-butane at the highest concentrations tested. However, there was a reduction in mating in the high-exposure group (9000 ppm) of the isobutane study, which although not significantly different was outside the range previously observed in the testing laboratory. Assuming the reduction in mating to have been toxicologically significant, the NOAEC for the isobutane reproductive toxicity screening test was 3000 ppm (7125 mg/m 3 ). A method is proposed by which the toxicity of any of the 106 complex petroleum gas streams can be estimated from its composition.

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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Cited by 6 publications

References 434 publications

Evaluation of Total Solids of Curry Soup Containing Coconut Milk by near Infrared Spectroscopy

Evaluation of Total Solids of Curry Soup Containing Coconut Milk by near Infrared Spectroscopy

Modeling emissions from CAFO poultry farms in Poland and evaluating potential risk to surrounding populations

The Toxicological Properties of Petroleum Gases

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