Aliphatic Ketones from Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) Induce Paralysis on Root Knot Nematodes

Abstract

This paper reports on the use of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts as a potential nematicide against root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica . The essential oil (REO) and methanol extract (RME) of R. chalepensis were tested against second-stage juveniles, with REO inducing paralysis in both species (EC(50/1d) = 77.5 and 107.3 mg/L) and RME being selective for M. incognita (EC(50/1d) = 1001 mg/L). Chemical characterization of extracts was done by means of GC-MS and LC-MS, revealing mainly aliphatic ketones and coumarins, respectively. The first-ranking volatile nematicidal component in terms of individual activity against both species was 2-undecanone (EC(50) = 20.6 and 22.5 mg/L for M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively). This fact together with its high concentration in the most active extract found in this study, namely, REO (2926 mg/kg), categorizes 2-undecanone among the nematicidal principles of R. chalepensis. On the contrary, coumarins rutin and 8-methoxypsoralen were not found to be nematicidal at concentrations of ≤500 mg/L. Interestingly, M. incognita was found more sensitive than M. javanica.

Bioactivity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: Nematotoxics from essential oils, essential oils fractions and decoction waters

“…graveolens EOs herewith studied showed very good B. xylophilus anti-nematodal activity. Ruta chalepensis EOs, also 2-undecanone rich, showed also high activity against the root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica (Ntalli et al, 2011a).…”

Chemical composition, insecticidal and in vitro anthelmintic activities of Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) essential oil

“…In fact, according to Ben-Bnina et al (2010) and Haddouchi et al (2013), R. chalepensis essential oil where the major compound is a ketone, has strong antifungal and antibacterial activities. Interestingly, Ntalli et al (2011) reported for the first time an irreversible nematicidal activity of ketones as constituents of R. chalepensis against Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita.…”

“…Ntalli et al (2011) reported the nematicidal activity of 2-undecanone as principal constituents of R. chalepensis essential oil against Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Additionally, 2-undecanone has already been reported to exhibit nematicidal activity against M. incognita but as a constituent compound of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus megaterium (Huang et al, 2010).…”

“…It was revealed that 2-undecanone are both found naturally in the trichomes of wild tomato plants and are important in plant resistance to herbivore (Antonious and Snyder, 2006;Kimps et al, 2011;Ntalli et al, 2011). Bissinger et al (2009) demonstrated the active ingredient 2-undecanone had a toxic effect against the ticks Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis as well as against arthropods (Antonious and Snyder, 2006) and it is therefore formulated in domestic-use insect repellents (Bissinger et al, 2009).…”

Chemical composition and chelating activity ofRuta chalepensisL. (Rutaceae) essential oil as influenced by phenological stages and plant organs

“…The chemical composition of essential oils of aerial parts of R. chalepensis grown in many countries has shown a wide range of variations even in their major constituents (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). However, few studies investigated the chemical composition of R. chalepensis essential oil from Tunisia.…”