Aliphatic Polyamides

Gaymans, R.J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-096701-1.00162-2

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Synthetic aliphatic polyamides have found applications in drug delivery applications as multiple-unit systems such as microcapsules (16,17), hollow fibers (18), gelospheres (19) and monolithic matrices (20,21). In addition, they have been known to possess pertinent physical properties such as thermal and abrasion resistance, chemical inertness, high physicomechanical strength, hydrophilicity, a high level of purity after production and controlled matrix dissolution (17,18,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) that makes the polyamides attractive for use in drug delivery. Generally, polyamides can be described as non-toxic and biocompatible, which stems from their extensive clinical use as both absorbable and nonabsorbable surgical sutures (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Impacts of Formulation Variables and Excipients on the Drug Release Dynamics of a Polyamide 6,10-Based Monolithic Matrix Using Mathematical Tools

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Drug release from hydrophilic matrices is regulated mainly by polymeric erosion, disentanglement, dissolution, swelling front movement, drug dissolution and diffusion through the polymeric matrix. These processes depend upon the interaction between the dissolution media, polymeric matrix and drug molecules, which can be significantly influenced by formulation variables and excipients. This study utilized mathematical parameters to evaluate the impacts of selected formulation variables and various excipients on the release performance of hydrophilic polyamide 6,10 (PA 6,10) monolithic matrix. Amitriptyline HCl and theophylline were employed as the high and low solubility model drugs, respectively. The incorporation of different excipient concentrations and changes in formulation components influenced the drug release dynamics as evidenced by computed mathematical quantities (t x% , MDT x%, f 1 , f 2 , k 1 , k 2 , and К F ). The effects of excipients on drug release from the PA 6,10 monolithic matrix was further elucidated using static lattice atomistic simulations wherein the component energy refinements corroborates the in vitro and in silico experimental data. Consequently, the feasibility of modulating release kinetics of drug molecules from the novel PA 6,10 monolithic matrix was well suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Impacts of Formulation Variables and Excipients on the Drug Release Dynamics of a Polyamide 6,10-Based Monolithic Matrix Using Mathematical Tools

et al. 2013

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“…Furthermore, there is rapid approach to an equilibrium value [53,71]. The degree of interchange necessary for producing a random copolymer is slow enough, however, that block polymers are feasible [53,72], although high conversion of the mix results in block lengths significantly smaller than the original chain lengths [73]. A study of the interchange reaction involving polymerization of sebacamide and N, N 0 -diacetylhexamethylenediamine suggested that the rate increased with water concentration and was proportional to [COOH] 1/2 [53].…”

Section: Amide Interchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also a concern is the use of concentrations instead of the theoretically correct activity coefficients. The dependence of conventionally calculated equilibrium constants K eq on water content, which can affect ionization, hydration, and activities, has been observed many times [49][50][51][52][53]; these K eq values are thus apparent equilibrium constants. GIORI and HAYES [54] showed for PA 6 that the apparent equilibrium constant for polycondensation increased with water content up to about 2 wt% and decreased thereafter (Fig.…”

Section: Equilibrium and Rate Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11), the effect of transamidation on molecular mass distribution is minor. Furthermore, there is rapid approach to an equilibrium value [53,71]. The degree of interchange necessary for producing a random copolymer is slow enough, however, that block polymers are feasible [53,72], although high conversion of the mix results in block lengths significantly smaller than the original chain lengths [73].…”

Section: Amide Interchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utility of SPP in PA 46 is ascribed to the higher equilibrium constant for amidation at the lower temperature and to the higher activation energy for ring formation than for polymerization, 137 versus 83 kJ/mol [53,69]. For a comprehensive coverage of SPP refer to [123].…”

Section: Solid-phase Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamides

Herzog¹,

Kohan²,

Mestemacher³

et al. 2013

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Nomenclature 3. General Considerations in Polyamidation 3.1. Molecular Mass 3.2. Equilibrium and Rate Constants 3.3. Effects of Monomer Structure 3.4. Amide Interchange 3.5. Structure‐Property Considerations 4. Other Polymerization Techniques 4.1. Variants of Hydrolytic Polymerization 4.2. Interfacial and Solution Polymerization 4.3. Ionic Polymerization 4.4. Solid‐Phase Polymerization 5. Commercial Processes 5.1. PA 46 5.2. PA 66 5.2.1. Batch Production 5.2.2. Continuous Production 5.3. Other AABB‐Polyamides 5.4. PA 6 5.5. PA 11 5.6. PA 12 6. Properties 6.1. Properties of Unmodified Polyamides 6.2. Copolymerization 6.3. Modification by Additives 6.3.1. Filled and Reinforced Polyamides 6.3.2. Blends and Alloys 6.3.3. Flame‐Retardant Polyamides 6.3.4. Conductive Polyamides 6.3.5. Other Formulations 7. Processing 8. Uses 9. Ecological Aspects and Toxicology 9.1. Recycling 9.2. Polyamide Monomers 9.3. Other Aspects 10. Economic Aspects

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Solid‐State Polymerization

Vouyiouka¹,

Papaspyrides²

2011

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Solid‐state polymerization (SSP) comprises a bulk polymerization technique industrially applied for step‐growth polymers. It involves heating the starting material (crystalline monomer or prepolymer) in an inert atmosphere or under vacuum, at a temperature below its melting point, permitting the initiation and propagation of typical polymerization reactions. Both chemical and physical steps occur during an SSP process, namely chemical reactions, reactive chain end movement in the amorphous phase, and condensate removal through diffusion. These phenomena are herewith discussed and correlated to operational variables, such as reaction temperature, initial stoichiometry and crystallinity, reacting particles size, condensate content in the surroundings, catalyst's presence. Equipment requirements and pertinent assemblies are also presented, and SSP of the most important polyamides and polyesters is summarized.

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Aliphatic Polyamides

Cited by 16 publications

References 68 publications

Evaluation of the Impacts of Formulation Variables and Excipients on the Drug Release Dynamics of a Polyamide 6,10-Based Monolithic Matrix Using Mathematical Tools

Evaluation of the Impacts of Formulation Variables and Excipients on the Drug Release Dynamics of a Polyamide 6,10-Based Monolithic Matrix Using Mathematical Tools

Polyamides

Solid‐State Polymerization

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