Alkali-activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag incorporating incinerator fly ash as a potential binder

Liu, Yiquan; Zhu, Weiping; Yang, En-Hua

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.153

Cited by 90 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is proposed that the hardening process is initiated by the precipitation of C-A-S-H and that rapid hardening continues due to accelerated geopolymerization. Liu et al [40] achieved similar conclusions. Adding FA to GGBS decreases mechanical properties because FA used is less reactive than GGBS and has a low efficiency factor of 0.13.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…GGBS-FA AAMs (paste [38][39][40][41][42][43], mortar [16,43,44] or concrete [45]) were also investigated. Kumar et al [38] revealed that at 27°C, the reaction of alkali-activated GGBS-FA blend paste is dominated by the GGBS activation (dissolution and precipitation of C-A-S-H) while at 60°C the reaction is due to combined interaction of FA and GGBS, which indicates that FA has lower reactivity than GGBS under ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulation and characterization of blended alkali-activated materials based on flash-calcined metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS

Samson

Cyr

Gao

2017

Construction and Building Materials

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Highlights AAMs initial setting time, shrinkage, mass loss, compressive strength were studied. Low activation leads to high drying shrinkage because of important mass loss. Very low shrinkage values were found for MK-GGBS compared to the other AAMs. High early strength compressive strength was observed for MK-GGBS blends. Graphical abstract 2 AbstractStudies performed on alkali-activated materials (AAMs) in recent years reveal that they could be an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The main precursors used are flash-calcined metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Usually, only one precursor is used to produce an AAM. The aims of this study were to measure and compare the performances of pure (one precursor) and blended AAMs (two precursors). Alkaline solution is added to activate the precursors and the influence of the activation rate was also investigated by changing the activator amount (15% and 25% of alkaline solution dry extract). Twenty-six different mixes were studied and are presented in a ternary representation. The mixtures were characterized in the fresh state (initial setting time) and the main properties useful for building applications (shrinkage, mass loss, and compressive strength) were recorded and analysed. In contrast to the situation in OPC systems, shrinkage and mass loss in AAMs were not directly correlated. The high shrinkage values observed for pure MK AAMs and pure GGBS AAMs were significantly reduced when they were associated in appropriate proportions. The association of MK and GGBS also proved very interesting regarding early age compressive strength.Keywords: Alkali-activated material (AAM), metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), compressive strength, shrinkage 3 IntroductionThe building sector is faced with the gradual exhaustion of natural resources and/or increasing difficulty in accessing them. 27°C, the reaction of alkali-activated GGBS-FA blend paste is dominated by the GGBS activation (dissolution and precipitation of C-A-S-H) while at 60°C the reaction is due to combined interaction of FA and GGBS, which indicates that FA has lower reactivity than GGBS under ambient conditions. There is only small interaction of fly ash and GGBS probably due to different kinetics of dissolution process and distribution of species. Puligulla et al.[39] studied GGBS-FA blend pastes. They found that the calcium that dissolves from slag significantly influences both early and late age properties. The availability of free Ca ions seems to prolong FA dissolution and enhance geopolymer gel formation. It is proposed that the hardening process is initiated by the precipitation of C-A-S-H and that rapid hardening continues due to accelerated geopolymerization. Liu et al. 5The studies mentioned above reveal that, under particular conditions, mixing two different precursors cangive very interesting results. However, these studies have usually focused on the identification of a particular property under particu...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and characterization of blended alkali-activated materials based on flash-calcined metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS

Samson

Cyr

Gao

2017

Construction and Building Materials

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“…Alkali activated cementitious binders (AAB) have been intensively studied over the last few decades (Collins and Sanjayan, 1999;Duxson et al, 2007;Chi et al, 2012;Provis and van Deventer, 2014;Liu et al, 2016). AABs are based on aluminosilicate industrial by-products and natural resources, e.g., fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), metakaolin or rice husk ash, activated by a source of alkalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Blast Furnace Slag/Fly Ash Ratio on Setting, Strength, and Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Pastes and Concretes

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of partial fly ash substitution in to a series of alkali-activated concrete based on a high-MgO blast furnace slag BFS. Mixes were activated with various amounts of sodium silicate at alkali modulus (mass ratio SiO 2 /Na 2 O) values of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25. The results showed that, an increase in the fly ash content extended the initial setting time but had very little effect on the final setting time, although the early age compressive strength was decreased. The fly ash addition had no effect on the drying shrinkage but lowered the autogenous shrinkage. The mixes activated with sodium silicate at a lower alkali modulus showed a significantly higher autogenous shrinkage but lower drying shrinkage values. Severe micro cracking of the binder matrix was observed only for mixes without fly ash, activated with sodium silicate solution at higher alkali modulus. Decreasing the alkali modulus resulted in a higher autogenous shrinkage, less micro cracking and a more homogenous structure due to more extensive formation of sodium-aluminate-silicate-hydrate gel (N-AS -H), promoted by the addition, and more extensive reaction of the fly ash.

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“…The acid resistance of these two binder types has also received much attention [24], [25], [26], [27] and [28]. More recently the possibility of blending two waste or by-products together to form one binder has been investigated [29]. Therefore the acid resistance of blended PFA and GGBS binders is less well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of geopolymer and Portland cement based systems to silage effluent attack

Aiken

Sha

Kwasny

et al. 2017

Cement and Concrete Research

108

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Abstract:Traditional Portland cement (PC) concrete has been used for many years in the agricultural industry for the construction of silos and silage effluent storage facilities. However, the acidic nature of the silage effluent produced by silage has led to severe degradation of PC concrete which in turn has significant environmental and financial implications. This study compares the resistance of PC and geopolymer (GP) mortars and pastes to silage effluent over 12 months. The GP samples displayed increased resistance to silage effluent in terms of mass and strength loss. Analysis of microstructure suggests that the increased stability of the reaction products is the main factor behind increased silage effluent resistance when compared with PC. It was also found that pulverised fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) blends with a higher PFA content may offer increased long term silage effluent resistance due to the nature of the main binder gel produced in PFA dominant systems.

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Alkali-activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag incorporating incinerator fly ash as a potential binder

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Formulation and characterization of blended alkali-activated materials based on flash-calcined metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS

Formulation and characterization of blended alkali-activated materials based on flash-calcined metakaolin, fly ash and GGBS

The Effect of Blast Furnace Slag/Fly Ash Ratio on Setting, Strength, and Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Pastes and Concretes

Resistance of geopolymer and Portland cement based systems to silage effluent attack

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