Alkali attack on anion exchange membranes with PVC backing and binder: Effect on performance and correlation between them

Alkali Attack on Cation-Exchange Membranes with Polyvinyl Chloride Backing and Binder: Comparison with Anion-Exchange Membranes

“…An alkaline immersion test of CMX was conducted using the same methods as those used for AMX, which was described in previous papers [18,19]. CMX and AMX are recommended to be used at a temperature of under 40 • C, according to the supplier's instructions.…”

“…To this end, the hydroxyl ion distributions inside the AEM and CEM after immersion in various concentrations of alkali solutions were measured. Subsequently, alkaline immersion tests of the CEMs were systematically conducted using the same procedure as reported for AEMs previously [18]. Further, the precursors of CEMs and AEMs were Grande et al focused on the degradation of IEMs with respect to the commercial food and beverage industries and compared the degradation behavior of homogeneous and heterogeneous AEMs and CEMs [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…To this end, the hydroxyl ion distributions inside the AEM and CEM after immersion in various concentrations of alkali solutions were measured. Subsequently, alkaline immersion tests of the CEMs were systematically conducted using the same procedure as reported for AEMs previously [18]. Further, the precursors of CEMs and AEMs were also immersed in alkali for a control.…”

A Review on Ion-exchange Membranes Fouling and Antifouling During Electrodialysis Used in Food Industry: Cleanings and Strategies of Prevention

“…The Clean-In-Place (CIP) operations, that are currently implemented at industrial scale, generally involves the use of alternating washing sequences by acid and base solutions with or without additional surfactants or chelating products [28][29][30] which generates prolonged and repetitive contacts of polymer materials of IEMs with solutions of low and high pH. Recent studies demonstrated that prolonged contact generates significant mechanical and structural alterations of the membrane matrix marked by the apparition of structure defects as well as significant membrane swelling which lead to a drop in the membrane selectivity and performances and limit their lifetime [2,[31][32][33][34][35]. The drawbacks of usual chemical cleaning could be classified as indirect effects of fouling, to the extent that the direct effects are mainly caused by the accumulation of organic matters on the surface or inside the membrane matrix.…”

“…3 ) or deamination (loss of -CH 2 N + R 3 ), and/or by the breaking of the polymer chains. More recently, Doi et al [34,35] studied the effects of prolonged contact of anionexchange membranes (AEM), Neosepta AMX (Astom, Japan) with NaOH solutions at different temperatures and concentrations. They confirmed that the performance of AEMs, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as backing and binder, decreased during a repetitive CIP treatment using alkali.…”