Alkylation of catechol with methanol to guaiacol over sulphate-modified zirconia solid acid catalysts

Highly Active and Stable P2O5 Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Silica Promoted with Ce for the O‐Methylation of Catechol

“…Researchers have primarily focused their efforts on investigating catalysts based on PO x and Al 2 O 3 based catalysts, such as AlÀ PÀ O, [10][11][12][13] modified MÀ AlÀ PÀ O (M=Ti, Zr, K), [14][15][16] metal phosphates MÀ PÀ O (M=La, Ce, Mg, Zn), [17] modified γ-Al 2 O 3 , [18,19] sodium aluminosilicate catalyst [20] and sulphate-modified zirconia. [21] These catalysts are designed to achieve region-selective O-methylation of catechol with methanol. However, the challenge lies in the industrial application, as the low catechol conversion and poor stability of these catalysts are deemed unacceptable from a practical standpoint.…”

“…Over the past few decades, a variety of catalysts have been developed for methylation reactions. Researchers have primarily focused their efforts on investigating catalysts based on PO x and Al 2 O 3 based catalysts, such as Al−P−O, [10–13] modified M−Al−P−O (M=Ti, Zr, K), [14–16] metal phosphates M−P−O (M=La, Ce, Mg, Zn), [17] modified γ‐Al 2 O 3 , [18,19] sodium aluminosilicate catalyst [20] and sulphate‐modified zirconia [21] . These catalysts are designed to achieve region‐selective O ‐methylation of catechol with methanol.…”

High Catalytic Performance and Sustainability of Zr Modified Aluminophosphate for Vapor-Phase Selective O-Methylation of Catechol with Methanol

“…Guaiacol, also known as 2-Methoxyphenol, is an essential fine chemical intermediate, which is widely used in the synthesis of medicine, spices and dyes [1][2][3]. Due to the increasing attention of green chemistry and sustainable development, lots of endeavors are applied to exploit flexible catalytic process to synthesize guaiacol with eco-friendly reductant taking the place of poisonous and harmful agents [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among the reported synthetic routes, vapor-phase O-methylation of catechol with methanol to produce guaiacol is receiving increasing attention because it is an economically and environmentally friendly route for industrial applications [6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…Due to the increasing attention of green chemistry and sustainable development, lots of endeavors are applied to exploit flexible catalytic process to synthesize guaiacol with eco-friendly reductant taking the place of poisonous and harmful agents [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among the reported synthetic routes, vapor-phase O-methylation of catechol with methanol to produce guaiacol is receiving increasing attention because it is an economically and environmentally friendly route for industrial applications [6][7][8][9][10]. Except for the main product guaiacol, o-dimethyl ether is the main byproduct, and many further alkylation products are generated.…”

“…Several heterogeneous catalysts have been reported to be active in vapor-phase Omethylation of catechol and methanol, including pure and doped metal oxides [6][7][8], supported tungsten compound [9] and metal phosphates [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], etc. Amorphous aluminophosphates, which possess both acid and base sites, are considered effective catalysts for vapor-phase O-methylation of catechol with methanol [12][13][14][15][16].…”