tissue matured over time and became indistinguishable from the underlying tendon. At 24 months all repairs remained intact and normal footprint anatomy of the tendon was restored in all patients. All clinical scores improved significantly over time. Conclusion: the ability of a collagen implant to induce new host tissue formation and restore the normal footprint anatomy may represent a significant advancement in the biological augmentation and ultimate durability of rotator cuff repairs.
KEY WORDS: collagen implant, cuff repair, footprint, tendon.
IntroductionRotator cuff repair is one of the most common orthopaedic procedures performed, with between 200,000 and 300,000 rotator cuffs being surgically repaired annually 1, 2 . Although surgical techniques for rotator cuff repair have advanced over the last decade, one of the most important postoperative complications of rotator cuff repair is re-tear of the repaired tendon 3 . Recent estimates suggest that retear rates in rotator cuff repair are in the order of 11 to 57% 3 . While studies have suggested that re-torn repairs can still provide clinical benefit to patients, subjective and objective outcome metrics in these patients are inferior to those patients with intact repairs [3][4][5] . Re-tear of a rotator cuff repair has been associated with a multitude of factors including patient age, tear dimensions, and tendon tissue quality 3 . However, a recent report of 1000 consecutive rotator cuff repairs found that no single preoperative or intra-operative factor was overwhelmingly predictive of re-tearing 3 . Several studies have suggested that the biomechanical environment of the healing tendon may also play a significant role in the ability to achieve a durable rotator cuff repair [6][7][8][9][10] . These studies have advocated restoring the normal footprint dimensions of the rotator cuff tendon attachment to bone and decreasing tissue strain in the healing tendon as techniques to improve the long-term integrity of rotator cuff repairs [6][7][8][9][10] . Biomechanical analysis of surgical techniques such as the 'double-row' fixation, which utilizes two rows of tendon fixation to bone to increase the contact area of the tendon attachment to bone, has shown improved initial tendon contact and strength 10 and also decreased tendon strain 8 . How-
SummaryBackground: the inability to restore the normal tendon footprint and limit strains on the repair site are thought to contribute to re-tearing following rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this study was to use a collagen implant to augment rotator cuff repairs through the restoration of the native tendon footprint and the induction of new tissue to decrease overall tendon strain. Methods: repairs of full-thickness rotator cuff lesions in 9 adult patients were augmented with a novel collagen implant placed over the bursal surface of the repair. Tendon thickness and footprint anatomy were evaluated using MRI at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Clinical results were assessed using standard outcome metrics. Mean follow-up for ...