All-Cause Mortality Associated With Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work

Andersen, Lars Bo; Schnohr, Peter; Schroll, Marianne; Hein, Hans Ole

doi:10.1001/archinte.160.11.1621

Cited by 871 publications

(654 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some studies used HEAT estimates based on an RR from Andersen et al [105] to calculate the physical activity impact on mortality. The risk estimate from Andersen et al [105] was not adjusted for air pollution exposure, and this might have reduced the beneficial effect of physical activity on all-cause mortality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk estimate from Andersen et al [105] was not adjusted for air pollution exposure, and this might have reduced the beneficial effect of physical activity on all-cause mortality. Some studies, such as Rabl et al [49] and Rojas-Reuda et al [38,44], used the physical activity RR from Andersen et al [105] and also considered the impact of air pollution among active commuters, which could result in a double counting of air pollution effects and an underestimation of the decrease in mortality risk related to active travel among commuters. In other words, one can assume that the negative impact of air pollution among active commuters is likely to be overestimated in these studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, different strategies that promote both public and active transportation might decrease the risk of traffic injuries [20]. Although the literature indicates negative effects of active transportation in terms of increased air pollution exposure and risk of road traffic injuries for active commuters compared with those travelling by car, evidence shows that for the commuters the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks, especially in areas where the air pollution level is comparatively lower and where active transportation facilities, such as bicycle pathways, are properly maintained [21,22]. Using PM2.5 as an indicator of health effects, it is only for the most extreme air pollution situations that the harm caused by air pollution will outweigh the benefits for those choosing active travel [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling

Raza

Forsberg

Johansson

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Promotion of active commuting provides substantial health and environmental benefits by influencing air pollution, physical activity, accidents, and noise. However, studies evaluating intervention and policies on a mode shift from motorized transport to cycling have estimated health impacts with varying validity and precision. Objective: To review and discuss the estimation of air pollution exposure and its impacts in health impact assessment studies of a shift in transport from cars to bicycles in order to guide future assessments. Methods: A systematic database search of PubMed was done primarily for articles published from January 2000 to May 2016 according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: We identified 18 studies of health impact assessment of change in transport mode. Most studies investigated future hypothetical scenarios of increased cycling. The impact on the general population was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach in the majority of these studies, whereas some used previously published cost estimates. Air pollution exposure during cycling was estimated based on the ventilation rate, the pollutant concentration, and the trip duration. Most studies employed exposure-response functions from studies comparing background levels of fine particles between cities to estimate the health impacts of local traffic emissions. The effect of air pollution associated with increased cycling contributed small health benefits for the general population, and also only slightly increased risks associated with fine particle exposure among those who shifted to cycling. However, studies calculating health impacts based on exposure-response functions for ozone, black carbon or nitrogen oxides found larger effects attributed to changes in air pollution exposure. Conclusion: A large discrepancy between studies was observed due to different health impact assessment approaches, different assumptions for calculation of inhaled dose and different selection of dose-response functions. This kind of assessments would improve from more holistic approaches using more specific exposure-response functions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling

Raza

Forsberg

Johansson

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…Although the incidence of CVD in Norway has declined over the last decades [4], CVD is still a major cause of premature death and morbidity, and focus on preventive measures such as physical activity should continue [5–7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of changes in leisure time physical activity on changes in cardiovascular risk factors: results from The Finnmark 3 Study and SAMINOR 1, 1987–2003

Hermansen

Broderstad

Jacobsen

et al. 2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between changes in leisure time physical activity and changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 16 years and whether they differ between two ethnic groups in Norway.Methods: Data were extracted from two population-based studies. Altogether, 3671 men and women participated in both surveys, and 30% reported being of Sami ethnicity. Leisure time physical activity was self-reported, and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. ANCOVA analysis was used to examine associations between changes in physical activity and changes in cardiovascular risk factors.Results: After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, ethnicity and respective baseline values, favourable changes in body mass index (BMI) and levels of triglycerides were most pronounced in those who were active in both surveys (p < 0.05) whereas the opposite was the situation for cholesterol levels (p = 0.003). Changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate were not significantly associated with change in physical activity. Ethnicity did not influence the associations between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusion: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were to a small extent associated with change in leisure time physical activity. Persistent physical activity was associated with beneficial changes in BMI and triglycerides.

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“…However, only few studies have investigated the association between different domains of physical activity and allcause as well as cause-specific mortality, and the evidence is inconsistent (Andersen et al, 2000;Arrieta and Russell, 2008;Autenrieth et al, 2011;Barengo et al, 2004;Besson et al, 2008). Only few of the large cohort studies with data on physical activity and mortality have included women and relatively few deaths were observed, leaving uncertainty about the benefit of physical activity in women (Andersen et al, 2000). Therefore, it is appropriate to present the results of studies that also included women stratified by sex, as seen in other publications (Andersen et al, 2000;Barengo et al, 2004;Herzig et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of different domains of physical activity on cause-specific mortality: A longitudinal study

Wanner

Tarnutzer

Martin

et al. 2014

Preventive Medicine

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between different domains of physical activity and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. METHODS: Participants (n=17,663, aged 16-92years) of two general population health studies conducted between 1977 and 1993 in Switzerland were included. Physical activity was assessed at baseline in the domains of commuting to work, workrelated physical activity, and leisure-time physical activity (including leisure-time activity level and sport activity). A median follow-up time of 20.2years was obtained with anonymous record linkage providing 3878 deaths (CVD: 1357; cancer: 1351). Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were calculated. RE-SULTS: There were no significant associations between commuting and work-related physical activities, respectively, and mortality. Leisure-time activity level was associated with all-cause mortality in men ConclusionsThese results underline the public health relevance of physical activity for the prevention of CVD and cancer, especially regarding leisure-time physical activity.

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All-Cause Mortality Associated With Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work

Abstract: Background: Physical activity is associated with low mortality in men, but little is known about the association in women, different age groups, and everyday activity.

Cited by 871 publications

References 22 publications

Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling

Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling

The impact of changes in leisure time physical activity on changes in cardiovascular risk factors: results from The Finnmark 3 Study and SAMINOR 1, 1987–2003

Impact of different domains of physical activity on cause-specific mortality: A longitudinal study

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