All-fiber stimulated Brillouin ring laser with submilliwatt pump threshold

Stokes, L.F.; Chodorow, M.; Shaw, H. J.

doi:10.1364/ol.7.000509

Cited by 183 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…SBS has practical importance in optical fiber systems [5,6] where it is an important signal impairment mechanism in long-distance transmission systems [7] and makes possible all-fiber lasers [8] as well as tunable, slow-light generation [9]. Power fluctuation resulting from thermal phonons has also been studied in fiber-optic SBS Stokes wave generation [10], and the intensity and phase noise have been measured in narrow-linewidth Brillouin lasers [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Phonon-Limited-Linewidth of Brillouin Lasers at Cryogenic Temperatures

2017

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Laser linewidth is of central importance in spectroscopy, frequency metrology, and all applications of lasers requiring high coherence. It is also of fundamental importance, because the Schawlow-Townes laser linewidth limit is of quantum origin. Recently, a theory of stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) linewidth has been reported. While the SBL linewidth formula exhibits power and optical Q factor dependences that are identical to the Schawlow-Townes formula, a source of noise not present in conventional lasers, phonon occupancy of the Brillouin mechanical mode is predicted to be the dominant SBL linewidth contribution. Moreover, the quantum limit of the SBL linewidth is predicted to be twice the Schawlow-Townes limit on account of phonon participation. To help confirm this theory the SBL fundamental linewidth is measured at cryogenic temperatures in a silica microresonator. Its temperature dependence and the SBL linewidth theory are combined to predict the number of thermomechanical quanta at three temperatures. The result agrees with the Bose-Einstein phonon occupancy of the microwave-rate Brillouin mode in support of the SBL linewidth theory prediction. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.143901 Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a third-order (χ 3 ) optical nonlinearity that results from the interaction between photons and acoustic phonons in a medium [1][2][3][4]. SBS has practical importance in optical fiber systems [5,6] where it is an important signal impairment mechanism in long-distance transmission systems [7] and makes possible all-fiber lasers [8] as well as tunable, slow-light generation [9]. Power fluctuation resulting from thermal phonons has also been studied in fiber-optic SBS Stokes wave generation [10], and the intensity and phase noise have been measured in narrow-linewidth Brillouin lasers [11]. More recently, the SBS process has attracted considerable interest in microscale and nanoscale devices [12]. Brillouin laser action has been demonstrated in several microcavity resonator systems including silica [13][14][15][16], CaF 2 [17], and silicon [18], and Brillouin amplification has been demonstrated in integrated chalcogenide waveguides [19]. In silicon waveguides, the use of confinement to enhance amplification has been studied [20]. SBS is also a powerful tool for integrated photonics signal processing [21][22][23], and it has been applied to realize a chip-based optical gyroscope [24]. Moreover, at radio-frequency rates, the SBS damping rate is low enough in certain systems to enable cavity optomechanical effects [25] including optomechanical cooling [26] and optomechanical-induced transparency [27].This work studies a recent prediction concerning the fundamental linewidth (i.e., nontechnical noise contribution to linewidth) of the stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL). The analysis of fundamental fluctuations in Brillouin devices falls into a more general category of optomechanical oscillators in which phonons participate in the oscillation process [28,29]. This participation creates a channe...

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confidence: 99%

Phonon-Limited-Linewidth of Brillouin Lasers at Cryogenic Temperatures

2017

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“…The output field from the cavity may then be expressed as (2) 0733-8724/02$17.00 © 2002 IEEE where is the refractive index of the fiber core and is the number of circulations through the fiber ring. The output is a summation of replica of the input wave with optical path delay , representing a series of light waves.…”

Section: Ring Resonator As a Multipath Lightwave Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O PTICAL FIBER ring resonators have been used in a number of applications, including fiber ring lasers [1], [2], sensors [3], fiber laser gyroscopes [4], optical spectrum analyzers [5], [6], and optical delay lines [7]. In this paper, we report the use of a fiber ring resonator for a different application, i.e., to enhance the multiplexing capability of white light interferometric sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexing of fiber-optic white light interferometric sensors using a ring resonator

Yuan

Zhou

Jin

et al. 2002

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A single-mode fiber-optic ring resonator is used as a multipath reference for multiplexing white light interferometric sensors. The theory of applying the resonator for multiplexing Michelson-type interferometer sensor is presented. The capacity of the technique in terms of maximum sensor number is evaluated for both a linear array and a sensor matrix. Experimental results for a three-sensor linear array and 2 1 sensor matrix are also presented.Index Terms-Multiplexing, optical fiber sensors, ring resonator, white light interferometry.

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“…Theoretically predicted by Brillouin in 1922 [6], SBS in optical fibers was first observed in 1964 and has been extensively studied since then [7][8][9][10]. It is caused by the interaction between a light wave and an acoustic wave already existing at the optical medium thermal equilibrium.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The SBST in an optical fiber in single-pass geometry will be drastically reduced if the same fiber length is used in resonator geometry, depending on the resonator quality factor [9]. Unfortunately, in our 10 GHz OEO, this SBST reduction will result in many higher order Brillouin lines in the optical spectrum, (the seventh Brillouin line has been observed at 10 dBm input power), which will mix with the OEO fundamental RF oscillation and degrade its phase noise (see Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%