All green solvent engineering of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite layer for high-performance solar cells

Green-solvent-processed formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells with uniform grain growth and strengthened interfacial contact via a nanostructured tin oxide layer

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26] Without strong coordination ability, 2-Me often requires other toxic solvent additives, such as acetonitrile (ACN) 22 and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), 23 to achieve a desirable film morphology and device performance. Recently, a new family of greener solvents, triethyl phosphate (TEP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP), 27,28 show comparable dissolving ability for perovskite precursors. Yun et al 28 reported that TMP-derived PSCs exhibited the best PCE of 20.02%.…”

“…Yun et al 28 reported that TMP-derived PSCs exhibited the best PCE of 20.02%. Similarly, Cao et al 27 used TEP to deposit FA-based perovskite layers, resulting in a champion PCE of 20.13%. Moreover, volatile perovskite ink is obtained by dissolving the precursor in a mixed solvent system consisting of a volatile solvent (such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, ACN) and lots of ammonium salt to control the nucleation/crystallization process.…”

I/Pb Ratio Control in the Solid Perovskite Films toward Efficient and Stable Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells

“…3,4 At present, strategies to optimize organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite active layers include component engineering, 5 additive engineering, 6 and solvent engineering. 7 Most of the above studies have focused on the optimization of the precursor solution. 8,9 However, due to the structural instability and low defect formation energy, the internal constituent of the solid perovskite film obtained by annealing may be different from that of perovskite solution prepared by the stoichiometric ratio.…”

“…As the core material of a whole device, the stability of the internal structure of perovskite will affect the stability of the device . Due to the complex organic–inorganic hybrid components, a perovskite layer is susceptible to uncertain factors such as the solution preparation process and the environment. , At present, strategies to optimize organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite active layers include component engineering, additive engineering, and solvent engineering . Most of the above studies have focused on the optimization of the precursor solution. , However, due to the structural instability and low defect formation energy, the internal constituent of the solid perovskite film obtained by annealing may be different from that of perovskite solution prepared by the stoichiometric ratio. − You et al reported that a Pb/I ratio at 1:1.55 for an FA 1– x MA x PbI 3 perovskite film displayed iodine deficit and led to serious point defects .…”

Nanoscale interfacial engineering of 1D g‐C 3 N 4 enables effective and thermally stable HTL ‐free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells with aging for 100 hours

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Metal halide-based PSCs have attracted the research community in enhancing the performance of devices within the short stipulated period (6 years) from the first reported efficiency of about 3.8%. 6 In order to boost the performance of the devices, multiple approaches such as solvent engineering, 7 additives, 8 ion compensation 9 and interfacial passivation, etc. [10][11][12] have been developed and applied on PSCs.…”