All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Nanostructures: From Photophysics to Light‐Emitting Applications

Abstract

decay arising from the defect-state trapping dominates carrier recombination, which results in a typically low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (<30%), especially under low carrier-injection densities (≈10 15 cm −3 ), comparable to that under LED working conditions. [5,6,[12][13][14][15] Hence, spontaneous free-carrier generation following light absorption in OIHPs, which explains the high photoconversion efficiency, becomes the obstacle to improving their light-emission performance.[5] Second, these OIHPs are extremely sensitive to the moisture, oxygen, and heat, which has been found to be closely related to the existence of the organic component, thereby incurring a constraint of a critical environment for fabrication, storage, and device operation, commonly notorious in organic photonic materials.Fortunately, the above limitations of OIHPs can be simultaneously overcome by exploiting all-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanostructures (IHPNs), a closely related family of materials. The all-inorganic constituents with intrinsically higher melting and decomposition points allow improved photo-and thermostability, as well as higher resistance to the atmosphere, and the enhanced exciton binding energies in the perovskite nanostructures ensure stable excitonic emission at room temperature. In early 2015, Protesescu et al. reported pioneering work on all-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, and I) light-emitting nanocrystals. [16] Immediately after their report, there was an explosion of research activity on IHPNs motivated by their superior optical properties and the low cost of the synthetic methods. [16][17][18] Compared to the canonical CdSe quantum dots, which have developed for more than two decades, [19] the emerging all-inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals exhibit even better emission characteristics, including higher PLQY (a PLQY of 100% was recently achieved [20] ) and narrower emission linewidth (<20 nm). [16,18,21,22] Moreover, while a high temperature (280 °C) and a protective atmosphere are required for synthesis of CdSebased quantum dots, the fabrication of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals can be performed at room temperature and free from an inert environment. [18] Leveraging on the halide composition control, the emission wavelength of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals can be finely tuned across the whole visible spectral range, enabling a wide color gamut. [16] Especially, the facile fabrication of high-quality blue-green-emitting (410-530 nm) CsPbX 3 nanocrystals makes them more competitive against traditional metal-chalcogenide nanocrystals, which typically suffer from photodegradation and relatively poor PLQY in the visible short-wavelength range. [16] All-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanostructures (IHPNs) have sparked intense research interest by virtue of their superior optical properties and their cost-effective synthesis. Since the first report in 2015, striking development of IHPNs has been witnessed in terms of fabrication strategies, optical characterization, and optoelectronic a...

Organic–inorganic metal halide hybrids beyond perovskites

“…For the exceptional optical and electronic properties, 3D metal halide perovskites have also found applications in other optoelectronic devices, e.g. LEDs (Figure 2(c)), optically pumped lasers (Figure 2(d)), etc [32][33][34]. To address the toxicity issue of Pb, 3D tin halide perovskites have been developed [35][36][37][38][39].…”

“…Therefore, their chemical formulas are still expressed by ABX 3 and their properties are corresponding 3D ABX 3 perovskites with quantum confined effects. For instance, all-inorganic CsPbX 3 nanocrystals are found to have much higher stability than organic metal halide perovskites MAPbX 3 , and exhibit narrow emissions with high PLQEs [69,70], which made them highly attractive for lasing and LEDs [34]. Tuning the photoluminescence of cesium lead halide perovskites could be realized by both compositional control and quantum size engineering [71,72].…”

Monochromatic LEDs based on perovskite quantum dots: Opportunities and challenges

“…Especially, colloidal perovskite crystals with a size range of a few nanometers or nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted the attention of many scientists because of the quantum‐confined behavior and their unique optical diversity. Several review papers and perspective articles discussing the synthesis and the optical and electronic properties for the integration of perovskite nanocrystals into optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaic applications (solar cells) or light‐emitting devices (LEDs) have been published in the last years …”

“…Several review papers and perspective articles discussing the synthesis and the optical and electronic properties for the integration of perovskite nanocrystals into optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaic applications (solar cells) or light-emitting devices (LEDs) have been published in the last years. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] 2 | STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, AND REC. 2020…”

Self‐Assembly of Perovskite Crystals Anchored Al2O3‐La2O3 Nanofibrous Membranes with Robust Flexibility and Luminescence

“…A huge number of luminescent materials have been explored and suggested for use in the fields of solid‐state lighting, displays, lasing, and biomedicine . They have a broad range of material systems, including aluminates, silicates, oxynitrides, nitrides, fluorides, phosphates, quantum dots (semiconductor nanocrystals, lead halide perovskites), etc . In particular, all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have attracted plenty of attention as emerging materials for many optoelectronic applications on account of their excellent photophysical properties, such as low defect density, narrow full width to half‐maximum, and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield.…”