All-terrain vehicle and bicycle crashes in children: Epidemiology and comparison of injury severity

Brown, Rebeccah L.; Koepplinger, Matthew E.; Mehlman, Charles T.; Gittelman, Michael A.; Garcia, Victor F.

doi:10.1053/jpsu.2002.30826

Cited by 116 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…9 Because children often lack the physical strength, cognitive abilities, and fine motor skills to operate ATVs properly, their risk for injury is greater. 10 A national case-control study estimated that ATV drivers aged Յ15 years were nearly 4 times as likely as older drivers to be injured. 11 Because of the increased risk of injury to children, coupled with the propensity for children to ride adult-sized ATVs, some medical and consumer advocacy organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and the Consumer Federation of America, recommend prohibiting all use of ATVs by children Յ15 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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All-Terrain Vehicle–Related Nonfatal Injuries Among Young Riders: United States, 2001–2003

Shults¹

2005

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Background. All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have gained in popularity in recent years, and this rise in use has been accompanied by increases in the number of ATV-related injuries. Because children often lack the physical strength, cognitive abilities, and fine motor skills to operate ATVs properly, their risk for injury is greater. Furthermore, most children ride adult-sized ATVs.Objectives. To estimate the numbers and rates of ATV-related nonfatal injuries to riders aged <15 years who were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States from 2001 through 2003.Methods. Estimates of ATV-related injuries were obtained from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance SystemAll Injury Program. The database is a nationally representative, stratified probability sample of 66 US hospitals with >6 beds and a 24-hour ED. ATV-related nonfatal injuries to riders aged <15 years who were treated in hospital EDs were examined by age group, gender, primary body part injured, diagnosis, and hospital admission status.Results. From 2001 through 2003, an estimated 108 724 children aged <15 years were treated in hospital EDs for nonfatal injuries sustained while riding ATVs. The number of ATV-related injuries increased by 25% over the 3-year period. Males aged 11 to 15 years accounted for 52% of all ATV-related ED visits and hospitalizations among young riders. Children aged 0 to 5 years were more likely than the older children to have facial injuries, whereas the older children were more likely to sustain lower trunk and leg or foot injuries. Fractures were the most common diagnosis, accounting for 27% of ED visits and 45% of hospitalizations.Conclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renewed efforts by health care providers to counsel parents about the injury risk to children who use ATVs and advocate for more stringent state-level minimum age requirements may help reduce the escalating numbers of ATV-related injuries occurring among young riders. 7,10,[19][20][21] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Terrain Vehicle–Related Nonfatal Injuries Among Young Riders: United States, 2001–2003

Shults¹

2005

Pediatrics

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“…Recent literature has described the benefits of helmet requirements and safety legislation. 1,4,6,[12][13][14][15] The CPSC continues to have an active interest in this problem and held a public hearing in June 2003, 16 during which ATV owners and dealers, state legislators, CPSC officials, doctors, researchers, and injury patients and their families discussed ATV injury prevention.Additional information about the extent and character of ATV-related injuries could inform the debate about these vehicles and might strengthen the efforts of those working to prevent injuries through education or other activities. This study was designed to determine the impact of ATV-related injuries on the hospital care of children and adolescents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This larger change in admissions may reflect increasing severity of injuries, necessitating hospital- Estimated gender and race characteristics were similar to those in previous studies, with a large proportion of ATV-related injuries being experienced by white male subjects. 7,10,12,14,[27][28][29][30] Despite warnings from manufacturers and policy statements from medical groups regarding the use of ATVs by children, most of these pediatric injuries occurred among younger children; two thirds of the children were Յ14 years of age, and approximately one fifth were Ͻ9 years of age. This underscores the need to intensify efforts to educate parents about ATV risks for children and to identify new strategies that might prevent inappropriate ATV use among young children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our severity findings were similar to those found in Ohio when ATV riders were compared with bicyclists. 12 Reports with smaller samples from trauma centers in Georgia and Pennsylvania demonstrated mean ISS values of 13 for children Յ16 years of age. 7,8 Our national data, by comparison, demonstrated mean scores of 7.50 in 1997 and 8.29 in 2000, representing injuries treated in general as well as in trauma referral centers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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National Hospitalization Impact of Pediatric All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries

Killingsworth

Tilford²,

Parker³

et al. 2005

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) injuries among children represent a significant and growing problem. Although state-level analyses have characterized some aspects of pediatric ATV-related injuries, little information on the national impact on hospitalization is available. This study was designed to characterize more fully the patterns of injury, hospital length of stay, and hospital charges associated with ATV-related injuries, with a nationally representative sample.Methods. Analyses were based on the 1997 and 2000 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). The KID is the only national, all-payer database of hospital discharges for children. KID data were weighted to represent all discharges from general hospitals in the United States. Discharges with external cause-of-injury codes consistent with off-road ATV-related injuries were selected, and the affected population was described. Nationally representative rates of ATVrelated injuries were calculated, and changes between 1997 and 2000 were documented.Results. An estimated 5292 children were hospitalized because of ATV-related injuries during the 2-year period, and hospitalizations increased 79.1% between 1997 and 2000. Rates of ATV-related hospitalization were highest among adolescent white male subjects, consistent with previous studies. Most patients had hospital lengths of stay of <4 days (68%), but 10% had stays of >8 days. Injury severity varied considerably, with more than one third of patients sustaining moderate to severe injuries. Approximately 1% of hospitalizations resulted in in-hospital deaths. Total hospital charges for this injury mechanism were $74 367 677 for the 2-year study period. Most of these charges were paid by private insurers.Conclusions. This study provides evidence supporting recent substantial increases in childhood ATV-related injuries. The hospitalization impact of ATV-related injuries among children is considerable. Our data support the need for ongoing creative attempts to identify effective strategies to decrease ATV injuries among children. P ediatric all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries represent a significant and growing problem. ATVs have been sold in the United States since 1972 and have experienced a popularity surge in recent years. 1 Accompanying this increase in popularity is concern regarding the associated risks for children who ride on or drive ATVs. Current discussions have centered on appropriate vehicle sizes for children and the potential for legislative and educational measures to decrease the ATV injury burden.ATVs are 3-or 4-wheeled machines designed with motorcycle-style handlebars, a high center of gravity, and large, low-pressure tires intended for off-road use. ATVs typically range in engine size from 50 cm 3 to Ͼ500 cm 3 of displacement and can weigh as much as 600 pounds. Nearly all ATVs are designed for 1 rider, because precise, quickly executed, weight-distribution adjustments must be performed to maintain balance and control of the vehicle in turns...

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Physician, Public, and Policymaker Perspectives on Chronic Conditions

Anderson¹

2003

Arch Intern Med

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All-terrain vehicle and bicycle crashes in children: Epidemiology and comparison of injury severity

Cited by 116 publications

References 18 publications

All-Terrain Vehicle–Related Nonfatal Injuries Among Young Riders: United States, 2001–2003

All-Terrain Vehicle–Related Nonfatal Injuries Among Young Riders: United States, 2001–2003

National Hospitalization Impact of Pediatric All-Terrain Vehicle Injuries

Physician, Public, and Policymaker Perspectives on Chronic Conditions

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