All the Fish in the Sea

Finley, Carmel

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226249681.001.0001

Cited by 93 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…46 Carmel Finley argues that these proclamations looked to balance the interests of U.S. salmon, tuna, and oil industries by protecting newly discovered oil reserves and preserving productive Alaskan salmon stocks from foreign fishermen while allowing U.S. tuna fishermen to continue to operate off the Central and South American coasts. 47 The Truman proclamations set the precedent for other nations to extend their own territorial sea claims. Barely one month later, the Mexican government used language similar to Truman's to justify the expansion of Mexico's jurisdictional claims over its coastal fisheries, asserting that American tuna fishermen were overfishing local baitfish populations.…”

Section: T R O U B L E O N T H E H I G H S E a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing on Porpoise

Butler¹

2021

California History

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Since the late 1950s, millions of dolphins have died as bycatch in the American yellowfin tuna industry. These deaths were not caused by accidental incidents between humans and dolphins, but rather were the result of a common fishing method used to catch yellowfin tuna that fishermen called “porpoise fishing” or “fishing on porpoise.” Although fishermen had caught tuna alongside dolphins since the 1930s, mass dolphin bycatch did not begin until the late 1950s, when the fleet converted from live-bait pole-and-line fishing to purse seining. This conversion—labeled the “purse-seine revolution”—occurred in response to economic and geopolitical pressures that threatened the future of the industry and was made possible by technological advancements that made purse seining a more effective method for catching yellowfin tuna. This conversion fundamentally altered the relationship between fishermen and dolphins. This article argues that the origins of mass dolphin bycatch are rooted in the purse-seine revolution and lie in the nexus of the economic, geopolitical, and technological developments that led to this conversion.

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Section: T R O U B L E O N T H E H I G H S E a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing on Porpoise

Butler¹

2021

California History

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“…As early as 1977, scientists argued that MSY was a flawed concept (see also Finley 2011). Even Beverton (1998), a pioneering population dynamicist, complains that little scientific evidence has been put forward to validate the idea.…”

Section: Maximum Sustainable Yield [Msy] and Stock-recruitment Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual transferable quotas and conservation: a critical assessment

Acheson¹,

Apollonio²,

Wilson³

2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) have become a popular management tool for fisheries. They have been promoted in some quarters and seriously criticized in others because of their social and economic impacts. A more serious problem is that ITQs provide exclusive access to public resources presumably in return for some public benefit, namely conservation; however, in a high percentage of cases they do not conserve fish stocks. In this article, we focus on the reasons that ITQs do not conserve stocks. We point to a number of phenomena identified in the literature as affecting stocks of fish, including problems with total allowable catch (TAC), ecological hierarchy theory, r and K species, the Allee effect, scale and metapopulation structure, the need to have selective gear, and the continuation of roving bandit incentives. Despite their growing popularity with managers, ITQs do not solve any of these problems. We argue there may be better ways to manage. One possibility is what we call parametric management.

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“…Both these strains of literature have an important thing in common: a tendency to disregard the fact that most natural resources and ecosystems are today governed by political and administrative institutions rather than by selforganizing users. Although it is true that collective action problems underlie many cases of natural resources overexploitation, overlooking the pivotal role of state actors and agencies often generates an incomplete model of real-world social-ecological systems (Finley 2011, Duit 2014, Stoll et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent research suggests that scientific optimism on the stock growth potential and expansive national fleet policies played a key role in the collapse (Walters andMaguire 1996, Mason 2002). National policies have often catalyzed fishing fleet development with a goal to increase national shares of catches (Borgström 1966, Pauly 2006, Finley 2011. As of today the fishing industry remains heavily subsidized by national governments and overexploitation persists, leading to declining global catches (Watson et al 2013, Pauly and Zeller 2016, Sumaila et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron triangles and subsidies: understanding the long-term role of the government on Swedish commercial fisheries

Hentati‐Sundberg¹,

Hellquist²,

Duit³

2019

E&S

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Many natural resources have degraded and collapsed despite being managed under rigorous institutional frameworks set up to ensure rational exploitation. Path dependency of dysfunction institutions has been suggested as an explanation for such undesired outcomes. We explore the role of path dependency in natural resource management by studying a 100-year evolution of Swedish fisheries. We rely on three main types of original longitudinal data collected for the period 1914-2016: (A) policy documents, (B) government spending on management and subsidies, and (C) catch and fleet data. Our analysis contrasts the periods before and after the Swedish entrance into the European Union (1995) because this marks the year when fisheries policy became beyond the direct influence of the Swedish government. We uncover four pieces of evidence suggesting the existence of a path dependent dynamic in the pre-EU period: (1) despite increasing insights on the vulnerability of fish stocks to overexploitation, national policy goals in relation to fisheries continuously promoted incompatible goals of social and economic growth but without any reference to the sustainability of the biological resources; (2) the same policy instruments were used over long periods; (3) actor constellations within the fisheries policy subsystem were stable over time; (4) neither political regime nor macroeconomic variables and fisheries performance (industry production, oil price, landing values) could explain observed temporal variation in subsidies. We conclude that key policy actors in the pre-EU period formed an "iron triangle" and thereby prevented necessary policy changes. These national reinforcing feedbacks have been weakened since EU entrance, and the indicators for path dependency show broader involvement of stakeholders, a shift in spending, and policy goals that now explicitly address ecological sustainability.

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All the Fish in the Sea

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Fishing on Porpoise

Fishing on Porpoise

Individual transferable quotas and conservation: a critical assessment

Iron triangles and subsidies: understanding the long-term role of the government on Swedish commercial fisheries

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