Allelic diversities in rice starch biosynthesis lead to a diverse array of rice eating and cooking qualities

Tian, Zhixi; Qian, Qian; Liu, Qiaoquan; Yan, Mei; Liu, Xinfang; Yan, Changjie; Liu, Guifu; Gao, Zhenyu; Tang, Shuzhu; Zeng, Dali; Wang, Yonghong; Yu, Jianming; Gu, Minghong; Li, Jiayang

doi:10.1073/pnas.0912396106

Cited by 493 publications

(554 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Starch dictates yield, while amylose content is one of the major properties determining rice sensory quality. 48 Differences in starch granule size also influence starch functionality, 49,50 and grain sugars could increase due to stress-induced starch breakdown and may influence taste. 51 Here we found no difference in reducing sugar content (Table 3).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Timing and Severity of Salinity Stress on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield, Grain Composition, and Starch Functionality

Thitisaksakul

Tananuwong

Shoemaker

et al. 2015

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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TitleEffects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, grain composition, and starch functionality ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to examine agronomic, compositional, and functional changes in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) grains from plants grown under low-to-moderate salinity stress in the greenhouse. Plants were grown in sodium chloride-containing soil (2 or 4 dS/m 2 electrical conductivity), which was imposed 4-weeks after transplant (called Seedling EC2 and EC4) or after the appearance of the anthers (called Anthesis EC2 and EC4). The former simulates field conditions while the latter permits observation of the isolated effect of salt on grain filling processes. Key findings of this study are the following: (i) Plants showed adaptive responses to prolonged salt treatment with no negative effects on grain weight or fertility. Seedling EC2 plants had more panicles and enhanced caryopsis dimensions, while surprisingly, Seedling EC4 plants did not differ from the control group in the agronomic parameters measured. (ii) Grain starch increased in Seedling EC4 (32.6%) and Anthesis EC2 (39%), respectively, suggesting a stimulatory effect of salt on starch accumulation. (iii) The salinity treatment of 2 dS/m 2 was better tolerated at anthesis than the 4 dS/m 2 treatment as the latter led to reduced grain weight (28.8%) and seed fertility (19.4%) and compensatory increases in protein (20.1%) and nitrogen (19.8%) contents. (iv) Although some salinity treatments led to changes in starch content, these did not alter starch fine structure, morphology, or composition. We observed no differences in reducing sugar and amylose content or starch granule size distribution among any of the treatments. The only alterations in starch were limited to small changes in thermal properties and glucan chain distribution, which were only seen in the Anthesis EC4 treatment. This similarity of compositional and functional features was supported by multivariate analysis of all variables measured, which suggested that differences due to treatments were minimal. Overall, this study documents the specific response of rice under defined conditions, and illustrates that the plasticity of plant response to mild stress is complex and highly context-dependent, even under greenhouse conditions in which other potential environmental stress impacts are minimized. KEYWORDS: rice (Oryza sativa L.), salinity stress, starch, starch functionalityRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops as it is a staple for over 3 billion people globally.1 Starch, and to a lesser extent protein, determine grain yields and quality, two important criteria for rice producers.2 Yield stability is the overriding agronomic consideration in places where rice is critical for food security, while grain sensory attributes are an important driver in other markets.2,3 Rice yield and sensory quality are both affected by environmental stress, and there is increasing concern on the specific effects of both.4−8 Soil salinity i...

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Timing and Severity of Salinity Stress on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield, Grain Composition, and Starch Functionality

Thitisaksakul

Tananuwong

Shoemaker

et al. 2015

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Evaluation in a range of mapping populations has demonstrated that QTLs for GC are consistently associated with the Wx locus, providing further support for the hypothesis that more allelic variation at this locus awaits discovery to further explain the sensory properties of grain quality (Wang et al, 2007). Wx functions as the sole major gene affecting both AC and GC, but as a minor gene affecting GT, whereas SSII-3 is the major gene controlling GT but as a minor gene affecting AC and GC, together with other minor genes such ISA and SBE3, which affect the different characteristics of grain eating and cooking quality at the different starch biosynthesis stages (Tian et al, 2009). …”

Section: Qtls For Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates and perspectives on the utilization of molecular makers of complex traits in rice

Li¹,

Kwon²,

Park³

2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. After complete sequencing of its genome and annotation of the majority of its ~32,000 genes, rice genome has become the model genome among the cereal genomes, and the focus has shifted from structural to functional genomics and application of genomicderived information in rice breeding. During the past 2 decades, intensive worldwide efforts have led to significant improvements in rice. An abundance of molecular markers and information related to many genes/quantitative trait loci that control agronomically important traits such as yield, quality, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance have been identified. Bridging the application gap between quantitative trait locus identification and marker-assisted selection breeding is an urgent, arduous, and long-term task. Marker development, allele mining, gene discovery, and molecular breeding have progressed to a great extent because of the rapid development of next-generation sequencing, largescale high-density genotyping, and genome-wide selection strategies. The availability of high-density markers and the rapidly decreasing cost of genotyping have facilitated marker-assisted selection of many traits that were previously not possible.

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“…With a concerted effort, the genes may be positionally cloned. QTL studies have been done to map genes for starch functionality in popcorn and sweet corn, amylose, amylopectin, and starch content in maize, [11] chalkiness and eating quality in rice, [12] pasting properties in barley, [13] and granule size in wheat species [14] among others. Recently, it was discovered that the effects of some mutant starch alleles on functionality may vary depending on the genotype in which the mutation was introduced.…”

Section: Qtl Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biotechnology to Engineer Starch in Cereals

Beckles¹,

Thitisaksakul²

2010

Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food

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The starch accumulated in rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, and millet grain is indispensible for human survival as it accounts for most of the consumed calories. In addition, cereal starch is used in its natural or modified state as a healthful food, and as an environmentally friendly additive or replacement for petroleum-derived fuel and polymers. Therefore, developing cereals that accumulate higher endosperm starch and starches with novel polymeric properties could help to meet the dual challenges of sustaining human population growth needs while minimizing some of the harmful environmental impacts. Despite its fundamental importance, comparatively little is known about the mechanistic basis of starch biosynthesis. This entry provides a basic overview of the "starch field" for the beginner. First, the various uses of starch, its structural organization and biosynthesis, and how its functionality relates to its structure are outlined. Second, how recent biotechnological advancements are leading to the discovery of new genes that modulate starch and to novel starches generated through genetic engineering are described. Finally, some of the remaining questions and challenges that must be tackled in order to meet the goal of increasing starch production for use as a food, feed, fiber, and polymer in the next 50 years and beyond are illustrated.

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Allelic diversities in rice starch biosynthesis lead to a diverse array of rice eating and cooking qualities

Cited by 493 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Timing and Severity of Salinity Stress on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield, Grain Composition, and Starch Functionality

Effects of Timing and Severity of Salinity Stress on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield, Grain Composition, and Starch Functionality

Updates and perspectives on the utilization of molecular makers of complex traits in rice

Use of Biotechnology to Engineer Starch in Cereals

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