Allelopathic effects of fruits of the Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius on growth, leaf production and biomass of seedlings of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle and the black mangrove Avicennia germinans

Donnelly, Melinda; Green, Danielle M.; Walters, Linda J.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.009

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Brazilian peppertree is a highly prolific seed producer and is able to reproduce after 3 years of growth (Ewel et al 1982). Ecological studies in Florida have shown that Brazilian peppertree is tolerant of shade (Ewel 1986), fire (Doren et al 1991), drought (Nilsen and Muller 1980a), and saline conditions Sternberg 2002, 2005;Ewe et al 2007) and has allelopathic effects on neighboring plants (Gogue et al 1974;Nilsen and Muller 1980b;Morgan and Overholt 2005;Donnelly et al 2008). Although no cold tolerance studies have been conducted, the restricted distribution of Brazilian peppertree in Florida, along with its sub-tropical native distribution, strongly suggest that it has limited cold tolerance (Carhalho 1994;Gioeli and Langeland 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida and South America: evidence of a possible niche shift driven by hybridization

et al. 2011

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Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) was introduced into Florida from South America in the 1800s and commercialized as an ornamental plant. Based on herbaria records and available literature, it began to escape cultivation and invade ruderal and natural habitats in the 1950s, and is now considered to be one of Florida's most widespread and damaging invasive plants. Historical records and molecular evidence indicate that two genetic lineages of Brazilian peppertree were established in Florida, one in Miami on the east coast and a second near Punta Gorda on the west coast. Since arriving, the distributions of these two types have greatly expanded, and they have extensively hybridized. Principal component analysis and reciprocal niche fitting were used to test the equivalency of climatic niches of the Florida populations with the climatic niches of the two South American chloroplast haplotype groups which established in Florida. Both approaches indicated a significant shift in niches between the parental populations in the native range and the invasive populations in Florida. The models, however, closely predicted the areas of initial establishment. We hypothesize that (1) Brazilian peppertree was able to gain an initial foothold in Florida due to niche similarity and (2) the current dissimilarity in native and exotic niches is due to hybridization followed by rapid selection of genotypes adapted to Florida's climate. In addition, to examine the potential consequence of the introduction of additional genetic diversity from the native range on invasion success, a niche model constructed with occurrences of all native genotypes was projected onto the continental United States. The result of this test indicated that under such an event, the potential invasive range would greatly expand to cover most of the southeastern USA. Our study suggests that multiple introductions from disjunct regions in the native range can facilitate invasion success.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida and South America: evidence of a possible niche shift driven by hybridization

et al. 2011

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“…As a toxic weed which threatens biodiversity, it has been target of eradication and/or control activities by conventional and biological methods in the US mainland (Morton 1978, Cuda et al 2005, as well as Hawaii (Hight et al 2003). The high ecological plasticity of Schinus is a common feature of successful invaders (Cuda et al 2005, Buckley et al 2006, Donnelly et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of avian frugivores on germination and potential seed dispersal of the Brazilian Pepper Schinus terebinthifolius

et al. 2010

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The role of avian frugivores on germination and potential seed dispersal of the Brazilian Pepper Schinus terebinthifolius. Biota Neotrop. 10(3): http:// www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n3/en/abstract?article+bn00910032010.Abstract: Frugivorous birds play a key role in seed dispersal and establishment of a range of plant species, including invasive weeds, such as the Brazilian Pepper Schinus terebinthifolius. The potential of seed dispersal of Schinus by birds with varied feeding behaviours was studied through seed-viability tests and germination experiments using seeds obtained from birds in the field and birds kept in captivity. It was found that seeds collected after gut passage in five bird species in the field had higher proportion of germination as well as higher germination rates compared to the control seeds. Viability of seeds ingested by the Blue-and-yellow Tanager Thraupis bonariensis, which mandibulates seeds before ingesting, was significantly lower than control seeds, while reduction in viability of seeds ingested by the Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus was nonsignificant. Seeds ingested by birds in captivity germinated earlier than the control seeds, within 1-2 weeks, and had proportion and germination rates higher than controls. Probably both mechanical and chemical effects play a role in enhancing germination of seeds. In Brazil where both Schinus and avian frugivores had evolved together, the dependence of Schinus on generalist frugivores had been demonstrated in this study, similar to other countries where the invasive Schinus is dependent on native or introduced avian species for its spreading. This finding has important implications for the restoration of human-altered areas in South America, were Schinus is a native pioneer species, as well as for the management and restoration of areas invaded by Schinus elsewhere. Resumo: As aves frugívoras desempenham papel chave na dispersão de sementes e no estabelecimento de uma ampla gama de espécies de plantas, incluindo espécies invasoras como a Aroeira-vermelha Schinus terebinthifolius. O potencial de dispersão das sementes de Aroeira-vermelha pelas aves com diferentes tipos de comportamentos alimentares foi estudado através de testes de viabilidade de sementes e experimentos de germinação de sementes obtidas de aves em campo e de aves mantidas em cativeiro. Demonstrou-se que as sementes coletadas após a passagem pelo trato digestório de cinco espécies de aves em campo tiveram proporção de germinação mais alta e taxas de germinação semelhantes aos controles. A viabilidade das sementes ingeridas por Thraupis bonariensis, o qual mandibula as sementes antes de ingeri-las foi significativamente inferior ao controle, enquanto a redução na viabilidade das sementes ingeridas por Turdus amaurochalinus não foi significante. Sementes ingeridas por aves em cativeiro germinaram antes que seus controles, entre 1 e 2 semanas, e tiveram proporção e taxa de germinação mais altas que o controle. Provavelmente ambos os efeitos, químico e mecânico, desempenh...

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“…Today, it is found in both disturbed and undisturbed tropical hardwood forests, pine rocklands, sawgrass marshes and mangroves across South Florida . S. terebinthifolius is not a true mangrove, but an opportunistic species that produces noxious secondary compounds that depress the growth rate of seedlings of R. mangle and A. germinans (Donnelly et al 2008); it severely affects the habitat value of the systems it invades because of the dense tangle of vegetation and the toxic secondary compounds Jones 1997, Gordon 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are mangroves in the tropical Atlantic ripe for invasion? Exotic mangrove trees in the forests of South Florida

et al. 2009

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Two species of mangrove trees of IndoPacific origin have naturalized in tropical Atlantic mangrove forests in South Florida after they were planted and nurtured in botanic gardens. Two Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trees that were planted in the intertidal zone in 1940 have given rise to a population of at least 86 trees growing interspersed with native mangrove species Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa along 100 m of shoreline; the population is expanding at a rate of 5.6% year -1 .Molecular genetic analyses confirm very low genetic diversity, as expected from a population founded by two individuals. The maximum number of alleles at any locus was three, and we measured reduced heterozygosity compared to native-range populations. Lumnitzera racemosa was introduced multiple times during the 1960s and 1970s, it has spread rapidly into a forest composed of native R. mangle, A. germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus and now occupies 60,500 m 2 of mangrove forest with stem densities of 24,735 ha -1 . We estimate the population growth rate of Lumnitzera racemosa to be between 17 and 23% year -1 . Populations of both species of naturalized mangroves are dominated by young individuals. Given the long life and water-dispersed nature of propagules of the two exotic species, it is likely that they have spread beyond our survey area. We argue that the species-depauperate nature of tropical Atlantic mangrove forests and close taxonomic relatives in the more species-rich Indo-Pacific region result in the susceptibility of tropical Atlantic mangrove forests to invasion by Indo-Pacific mangrove species.

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Allelopathic effects of fruits of the Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius on growth, leaf production and biomass of seedlings of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle and the black mangrove Avicennia germinans

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida and South America: evidence of a possible niche shift driven by hybridization

Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) in Florida and South America: evidence of a possible niche shift driven by hybridization

The role of avian frugivores on germination and potential seed dispersal of the Brazilian Pepper Schinus terebinthifolius

Are mangroves in the tropical Atlantic ripe for invasion? Exotic mangrove trees in the forests of South Florida

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