Allelopathy in the rhizosphere and amended soil of <i>Chenopodium murale</i> L.

El-Khatib, A. A.; Hegazy, Ahmad K.; Galal, Hanan

doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2003.00115.x

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Earlier, the roots and the residue of C. murale have been reported to release phytotoxic phenolics into the soil affecting the growth and development of other plants (El-Khatib et al 2003;Batish et al 2007). In general, intact roots (Bertin et al 2003) or plant residues upon decomposition (Xuan et al 2005) release secondary metabolites into the rhizosphere soil of a number of plant species.…”

Section: Quantitative and Qualitative Determination Of Phenolic Allelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…botrytis), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), wheat, white clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through its leaf, inflorescence and shoot extracts (Datta and Ghosh 1982;Qasem 1995;El-Khatib et al 2003). However, detailed information about its allelopathic effects, particularly concerning the mechanism of release, amount and nature of allelochemicals involved, is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecule content in chickpea and pea

et al. 2007

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the residue of Chenopodium murale L. on growth, nodulation and macromolecule content of two legume crops, viz., Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) and Pisum sativum L. (pea). A significant reduction in root and shoot length as well as dry matter accumulation occurred when both the legumes were grown in the soil amended with 5, 10, 20 and 40 g residue kg -1 soil. In general, a gradual decline in growth was associated with an increasing amount of residues in the soil. There was also a significant reduction in total chlorophyll content and the amounts of protein and carbohydrates (macromolecules) in plants growing in the residueamended soil. The nodulation was completely absent in chickpea and pea when the plants were grown in the soil amended with 10 and 20 g residue kg -1 soil, respectively. At a lower rate of residue amendment (5 g kg -1 soil), a significant decline in nodule number and weight, and leghaemoglobin content was recorded. Root oxidizability, an indirect measure of tissue viability and cellular respiration, was adversely affected in both the legumes under various treatments of residue amendment. The observed growth reduction concomitant with increased proline accumulation indicated the presence of some inhibitory compounds in the residue-amended soil. It was rich in phenolics identified as protocatechuic, ferulic, p-coumaric and syringic acid with 12.8, 30.4, 20.2 and 33.6% relative content, respectively. The results suggest that the residue of C. murale releases phenolic allelochemicals, which deleteriously affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecule content of chickpea and pea.

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Section: Quantitative and Qualitative Determination Of Phenolic Allelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecule content in chickpea and pea

et al. 2007

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“…Allelopathy is often mediated by secondary metabolites released by the roots (Bais et al 2003). However, the study of plant-plant interactions mediated by roots is aggravated by the complexity of soil as a chemical and biological system that affects the availability of allelochemicals through their retention, transformation and transport (El-Khatib et al 2004a), thus interfering with allelopathic interactions. The bioassays set to elucidate the phytotoxic properties of roots are commonly based on treating target plants with root extracts, but novel tools for sampling root exudates from soil-grown plants (Oburger et al 2013) are promising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hairy root exudates of allelopathic weed Chenopodium murale L. induce oxidative stress and down-regulate core cell cycle genes in Arabidopsis and wheat seedlings

et al. 2014

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The effects of Chenopodium murale root exudates, applied as phytotoxic medias (PMs), were tested on Arabidopsis thaliana and Triticum aestivum. The effects of PMs, where wild-type roots (K), hairy roots derived from roots (R clones) or from cotyledons (C clones) were cultured, were different. K medium suppressed Arabidopsis germination, while other PMs reduced root and leaf elongation and the number of rosette leaves. R media were more phytotoxic than C media. Treatment of Arabidopsis with R8 downregulated expression of core cell cycle genes: cyclindependent kinase (CDK) A1;1, four B-class CDKs, and cyclins CYCA3;1, CYCB2;4, CYCD4;2 and CYCH1 in root and shoot tips. Only CYCD2;1 transcript was elevated in treated shoots, but down-regulated in roots. Wheat Ta-CDC2 and Ta-CYCD2 genes showed the same expression profiles as their Arabidopsis counterparts, CDKA1;1 and CYCD2;1. PMs also caused increase of antioxidative enzyme activities in both plants. Exposure of Arabidopsis to PMs induced one catalase isoform, but repressed another, resulting in no net change of catalase activity. Wheat seedlings treated with PMs had catalase activity significantly elevated in all treatments, particularly in shoots. In both plants, PMs induced the activity of different peroxidase isozymes and total peroxidase activity. Both plants responded to phytotoxic treatments by induction of CuZn-superoxide dismutase. Thus, the phytotoxicity of C. murale root exudates is, at least partially, based on down-regulation of the cell cycle regulators and on generation of oxidative stress in the affected plants. We propose that C. murale root exudates should be considered as means of biological weed control.

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“…Leaves of C. murale are incorporated into the soil during tillage, and water-soluble substances are released after fields are flooded prior planting of lowland rice. El-Khatib et al (2003) reported the allelopathic activities of C. murale rhizosphere soil and soil amended with its leaves. Inderjit (2006) found that activated carbon could not completely eliminate the inhibitory effects of soil amended with high amounts of C. murale leachate, but phytotoxic effects were largely eliminated after addition of Nfertilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges, achievements and opportunities in allelopathy research

Inderjit

Weston

Duke³

2005

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Allelopathy is defined as the suppression of any aspect of growth and/or development of one plant by another through the release of chemical compounds. Although allelopathic interference has been demonstrated many times using in vitro experiments, few studies have clearly demonstrated allelopathy in natural settings. This difficulty reflects the complexity in examining and demonstrating allelopathic interactions under field conditions. In this paper we address a number of issues related to the complexity of allelopathic interference in higher plants: These are: (i) is a demonstrated pattern or zone of inhibition important in documenting allelopathy? (ii) is it ecologically relevant to explain the allelopathic potential of a species based on a single bioactive chemical? (iii) what is the significance of the various modes of allelochemical release from the plant into the environment? (iv) do soil characteristics clearly influence allelopathic activity? (v) is it necessary to exclude other plant interference mechanisms?, and (vi) how can new achievements in allelopathy research aid in solving problems related to relevant ecological issues encountered in research conducted upon natural systems and agroecosystems? A greater knowledge of plant interactions in ecologically relevant environments, as well as the study of biochemical pathways, will enhance our understanding of the role of allelopathy in agricultural and natural settings. In addition, novel findings related to the relevant enzymes and genes involved in production of putative allelochemicals, allelochemical persistence in the rhizosphere, the molecular target sites of allelochemicals in sensitive plant species and the influence of allelochemicals upon other organisms will likely lead to enhanced utilization of natural products for pest management or as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. This review will address these recent findings, as well as the major challenges which continue to influence the outcomes of allelopathy research.

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Allelopathy in the rhizosphere and amended soil of Chenopodium murale L.

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecule content in chickpea and pea

Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecule content in chickpea and pea

Hairy root exudates of allelopathic weed Chenopodium murale L. induce oxidative stress and down-regulate core cell cycle genes in Arabidopsis and wheat seedlings

Challenges, achievements and opportunities in allelopathy research

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