Allergenic Fungi in Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Chrzanowski, Robert; Rupp, Ned T.; Kühn, Frederick A.; Phillips, Amy E.; Dolen, William K.

doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63039-6

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The role of individual fungi, including Trichoderma species, in causing AFS remains to be elucidated (2,22). Although exposure to T. citrinoviride in damp buildings has been associated with an increased risk of developing adult asthma, as determined by increased concentrations of IgG antibody levels, the findings do not correlate with a causal relationship (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

et al. 2003

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We describe allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a patient with a history of atopy and asthma. A Gram stain of a sinus biopsy specimen was initially thought to contain yeast cells, but when Trichoderma was recovered in culture, these cells were subsequently recognized as chlamydospores. The patient was successfully managed with a combination of sinus lavage, oral corticosteroids, itraconazole, and allergen immunotherapy. This case also points out that careful scrutiny of direct smears is required to ensure that fungal structures are not misinterpreted.

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confidence: 99%

Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

et al. 2003

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“…Its spore-mycelial extract is used for allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy in allergy clinics worldwide [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The crude extract of EP contains a large number of major/minor allergenic proteins, which are yet not individually characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported sensitization to Epicoccum purpurascens (EP), formerly known as Epicoccum nigrum , in 5–7% of different populations worldwide [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. The fungal extracts are complex mixtures of proteins and glycoproteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of a Major Cross-Reactive Allergen from <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i>

Bisht

Arora

Singh

et al. 2004

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background:Epicoccum purpurascens (formerly nigrum) (EP), is a ubiquitous saprophytic mould found both indoors and outdoors. Several studies have reported sensitization to EP in 5–7 % of different populations worldwide. The diagnosis of mould allergy requires a standardized fungal extract that contains all its important allergenic proteins. The crude allergen extract from EP was standardized earlier, however none of its allergens have been purified. Methods: A major allergen from spore-mycelia extract of EP was purified using concanavalin A (Con A) Sepharose chromatography, gel filtration and electro-elution. The allergen isolated was characterized for its IgE-binding ability and cross-reactivity with five well-known allergenic fungi by ELISA and immunoblot. Results: A 33.5-kD glycoprotein allergen of EP, Epi p 1, was purified to homogeneity. All the EP allergic patients’ sera tested recognized this protein. Periodate modification of Epi p 1 showed partial loss in IgE binding while proteinase K treatment caused complete loss in binding to IgE. Dose-dependent inhibition in binding of rabbit anti Epi p 1 antibodies was obtained with Epi p 1, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium herbarum and Fusarium solani in ELISA. Rabbit antibodies to all the above five fungi recognized Epi p 1 in immunoblot, confirming that Epi p 1 shares common epitopes with the fungi tested. Conclusion: A major glycoprotein allergen of 33.5 kD was purified from EP which cross-reacts with other fungi. Hence this glycoprotein can be exploited to reduce the panel of allergen extracts used for therapy of mould allergy.

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“…The inhabiting fungi cause hypersensitivity in paranasal sinuses of atopic, immunocompetent individuals and produce a typical 'allergic mucin'. Only a few fungi are detected in the mucin, but these patients show skin reactivity to many other fungi [3] . In an earlier study, Epicoccum purpurascens (nigrum) was consistently recovered from mucin of 4 patients diagnosed with allergic fungal sinusitis and one of them had mycelial mass in nasal sinuses, portions of which were culture positive for Epicoccum [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Role of Glycoproteins Isolated from <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> in Host-Pathogen Interaction

et al. 2007

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Objective: Attachment to host matrix is an important provisory step for the institution of any fungal infection. The present study investigates the role of glycoproteins of Epicoccum purpurascens in host-fungal adherence. Methods:Epicoccum spore-mycelial extract was fractionated on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. Three glycoproteins of 12, 17 and 33 kDa (Epi p 1) were electroeluted and checked for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition. The monosaccharide content of the highly potent protein Epi p 1 was determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection. The interaction of Epi p 1 with mannose-binding lectin (MBL) leading to the activation of the complement system was studied by immunoblot, ELISA and ELISA inhibition techniques. Immunoblot and immunoblot inhibition were carried out with culture filtrate to determine the nature of Epi p 1. Results: 33 (Epi p 1)-, 17- and 12-kDa proteins were 58, 46 and 38 times more potent than crude extract in hemagglutination activity (HA). The HA of Epi p 1 was inhibited by N-acetyl glucosamine, glucose and laminin. Epi p 1 had a high mannose content, showed MBL binding in ion-dependent manner and caused complement activation. The protein was detected in culture filtrate and thus seems to play a significant role in fungal invasion. Conclusion: Epi p 1, an allergenic glycoprotein of E. purpurascens, is involved in host-fungal interactions through MBL.

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Allergenic Fungi in Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Purification and Characterization of a Major Cross-Reactive Allergen from <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i>

Role of Glycoproteins Isolated from <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> in Host-Pathogen Interaction

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