Allergy-Preventive Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and Iridoid Derivatives from Flower Buds of Lonicera japonica

Abstract

Flower buds of Lonicera japonica THUNB. (Caprifoliaceae), one of the most common traditional Chinese medicines, are used to treat various diseases including arthritis, diabetes mellitus, fever, infections, sores and swelling. 1)Pharmacological studies have indicated that the extract of these flower buds have a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiviral and hepato-protective effects.1,2) A number of chemical constituents including flavonoids, iridoids and saponins have been obtained from this plant. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In our continuing search for allergy-preventive substances from natural sources, 9) we have been using our previously developed in vivo assay method to estimate effects on complex allergies. 10,11) This time, we found that the 35% EtOH extract of flower buds of L. japonica exhibited allergy-preventive activity. Our in vivo assay method monitors the decrease in blood flow (BF) in the tail vein of mice subjected to hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEL) sensitization alone without the HELchallenge as a guide.10) The BF in HEL-sensitized mice (control group) gradually and significantly decreased to about 70% of that in normal mice on day 9. Thus, the induction phase (promotion stage) of allergy caused by xenobiotics can be dynamically and easily measured using BF monitoring. This BF decrease is considered to be due to the contraction of peripheral blood vessels and an increase in blood viscosity, because no relationship with blood pressure was observed. Although anti-HEL immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody significantly increased after HEL sensitization, there was no significant increase in the number of leukocytes. Thus, a decrease in BF reflects the promoter process of an allergic reaction. The BF decrease is regulated by various factors such as nitric oxide (NO), thromboxane (TX) A 2 , prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and endothelin (ET)-1, together with granulocytic elastase (GE), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS).10) In addition, the BF decrease occurs via both pathways of iNOS-independent and -dependent responses.11) Therefore this monitoring system should be useful when searching for substances that can prevent complicated inflammatory allergies involving NO, TXA 2 , PGI 2 , ET-1, GE, COX-1, and COX-2. This paper describes the evaluation of the allergy-preventive effects of a 35% EtOH extract (LJ) of flower buds of L. japonica and the following compounds isolated from LJ: chlorogenic acid (1) and three iridoid derivatives, loganin (2), secoxyloganin (3) and sweroside (4).The structure-activity relationships of iridoid derivatives, morroniside (5), geniposide (6), asperuloside (7), aucubin (8) and catalpol (9) were also examined, as iridoid glucosides (2-4) isolated from LJ showed allergy-preventive effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS General Experimental ProceduresMelting points were determined on a Yanagimoto micro-point apparatus. IR spectra were recorded on a Shim...

Chlorogenic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury: The involvement of CYP450 metabolic enzymes and some antioxidant signals

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