Alleviation mechanisms of metal(loid) stress in plants by silicon: a review

Vaculík, Marek; Lukačová, Zuzana; Bokor, Boris; Martinka, Magdalena; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar; Lee, Alexander

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa288

Cited by 106 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…In previous investigations, Si resulted in an improvement in the antioxidant system of plants subjected to abiotic stresses [1][2][3]11,12,14,47]. Under Si supply, different biochemical responses during Al exposure such as an increment in antioxidant compounds (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silicon Modulates the Production and Composition of Phenols in Barley under Aluminum Stress

et al. 2020

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Silicon (Si) exerts beneficial effects in mitigating aluminum (Al) toxicity in different plant species. These include attenuating oxidative damage and improving structural strengthening as a result of the increased production of secondary metabolites such as phenols. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Si on phenol production and composition in two barley cultivars under Al stress. Our conceptual approach included a hydroponic experiment with an Al-tolerant (Sebastian) and an Al-sensitive (Scarlett) barley cultivar treated with two Al doses (0 or 0.2 mM of Al) and two Si doses (0 or 2 mM) for 21 days. Chemical, biochemical and growth parameters were assayed after harvest. Our results indicated that the Al and Si concentration decreased in both cultivars when Al and Si were added in combination. Silicon increased the antioxidant activity and soluble phenol concentration, but reduced lipid peroxidation irrespective of the Al dose. Both barley cultivars showed changes in culm creep rate, flavonoids and flavones concentration, lignin accumulation and altered lignin composition in Si and Al treatments. We concluded that Si fertilization could increase the resistance of barley to Al toxicity by regulating the metabolism of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and structural functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silicon Modulates the Production and Composition of Phenols in Barley under Aluminum Stress

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, since hormesis can also result in phenotypic changes and adaptation strategies in plants under challenging environments ( Macias-Bobadilla et al, 2020 ), this phenomenon has the potential to enhance agricultural sustainability in a changing world ( Agathokleous & Calabrese, 2019 ). Importantly, even under non-stressful environmental conditions, Si has been proven to stimulate plant growth and metabolism ( Trejo-Téllez et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ), though its beneficial effects are more evident under stress conditions ( Ahanger et al, 2020 ; Bui, Duong & Nguyen, 2020 ; Mandlik et al, 2020 ; Singh et al, 2020 ; Vaculík et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism

Gómez-Meriño

Trejo-Téllez

García-Jiménez³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.

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“…They concluded that non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as non-protein thiol and total glutathione, were upregulated by H 2 S and improved Pb tolerance by ROS-scavenging and/or directly chelating metal ions. Plant exposure to metal ions often represses the activity of transporters, resulting in ionic imbalance and reduced nutrients assimilation in plants (Vaculík et al, 2020). In Zn-exposed pepper plants, exogenous NaHS treatment reduced Zn plant accumulation and enhanced the absorption of key mineral elements, i.e., Fe, N, P .…”

Section: Exogenous H 2 S Application: a Precursor Of Heavy Metal Strementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) on Functional Traits of Plants Under Heavy Metal Stresses: A Recent Perspective

et al. 2021

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Improving growth and productivity of plants that are vulnerable to environmental stresses, such as heavy metals, is of significant importance for meeting global food and energy demands. Because heavy metal toxicity not only causes impaired plant growth, it has also posed many concerns related to human well-being, so mitigation of heavy metal pollution is a necessary priority for a cleaner environment and healthier world. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is involved in metal-related oxidative stress mitigation and increased stress tolerance in plants. It performs multifunctional roles in plant growth regulation while reducing the adverse effects of abiotic stress. Most effective function of H2S in plants is to eliminate metal-related oxidative toxicity by regulating several key physiobiochemical processes. Soil pollution by heavy metals presents significant environmental challenge due to the absence of vegetation cover and the resulting depletion of key soil functions. However, the use of stress alleviators, such as H2S, along with suitable crop plants, has considerable potential for an effective management of these contaminated soils. Overall, the present review examines the imperative role of exogenous application of different H2S donors in reducing HMs toxicity, by promoting plant growth, stabilizing their physiobiochemical processes, and upregulating antioxidative metabolic activities. In addition, crosstalk of different growth regulators with endogenous H2S and their contribution to the mitigation of metal phytotoxicity have also been explored.

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Alleviation mechanisms of metal(loid) stress in plants by silicon: a review

Cited by 106 publications

References 164 publications

Silicon Modulates the Production and Composition of Phenols in Barley under Aluminum Stress

Silicon Modulates the Production and Composition of Phenols in Barley under Aluminum Stress

Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism

Role of Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) on Functional Traits of Plants Under Heavy Metal Stresses: A Recent Perspective

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