Allocation of Crania to Groups Via the “New Morphometry”

Ross, Ann H.; McKeown, Ashley H.; Konigsberg, Lyle W.

doi:10.1520/jfs14513j

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As mentioned, several external factors that influence skeletal morphology show population‐specific patterning, resulting in the need for population‐specific evaluation of sexually dimorphic features . This was also found to be the case in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Morphometric Analysis of the Neurocranium in an Adult South African Cadaveric Sample,

Maass

Friedling

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Craniometric studies of South Africans yield high accuracies of sex and ancestry classification, but most assess only inter-group variation of Black and White individuals, excluding the highly heterogeneous Colored group, which constitute a significant proportion of the population. This study applied a geometric morphometric approach to the neurocrania of 774 Black, Colored, and White individuals to assess sex and ancestry estimation accuracy based on the detected morphological variation. Accuracies of 70% and 83% were achieved for sex and ancestry, respectively, with ancestry-related variation contributing the largest proportion of overall observed variation. Even when comparing the closely related Black and Colored groups, relatively high accuracies were obtained. It is thus recommended that a similar approach be used to develop a contemporary three-dimensional database, which can be used to objectively, reliably, and accurately classify unknown remains in the South African forensic context.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Morphometric Analysis of the Neurocranium in an Adult South African Cadaveric Sample,

Maass

Friedling

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…It is well known (Howells, 1973, 1989; Lynch et al. 1996; O’Higgins & Strand Viðarsdóttir, 1999; Ross et al. 1999; Strand Viðarsdóttir, 1999; Strand Viðarsdóttir & O’Higgins, 2001) that adult modern human populations show significant differences in both facial size and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geometric morphometric study of regional differences in the ontogeny of the modern human facial skeleton†

2002

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This study examines interpopulation variations in the facial skeleton of 10 modern human populations and places these in an ontogenetic perspective. It aims to establish the extent to which the distinctive features of adult representatives of these populations are present in the early post natal period and to what extent population differences in ontogenetic scaling and allometric trajectories contribute to distinct facial forms. The analyses utilize configurations of facial landmarks and are carried out using geometric morphometric methods. The results of this study show that modern human populations can be distinguished based on facial shape alone, irrespective of age or sex, indicating the early presence of differences. Additionally, some populations have statistically distinct facial ontogenetic trajectories that lead to the development of further differences later in ontogeny. We conclude that population-specific facial morphologies develop principally through distinctions in facial shape probably already present at birth and further accentuated and modified to variable degrees during growth. These findings raise interesting questions regarding the plasticity of facial growth patterns in modern humans. Further, they have important implications in relation to the study of growth in the face of fossil hominins and in relation to the possibility of developing effective discriminant functions for the identification of population affinities of immature facial skeletal material. Such tools would be of value in archaeological, forensic and anthropological applications.The findings of this study underline the need to examine more deeply, and in more detail, the ontogenetic basis of other causes of craniometric variation, such as sexual dimorphism and hominin species differentiation.

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“…Historically, size and shape analyses have relied on the application of multivariate statistical methods to caliper‐derived linear distances and/or angles (1–4). One of the limitations of traditional caliper‐derived metric data is that the measurements are confined to the positions of the caliper endpoints, which are defined by anatomical locations or landmarks (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Testing Repeatability and Error of Coordinate Landmark Data Acquired from Crania*

Ross

Williams

2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This study evaluates issues of precision, repeatability, and validation in three-dimensional (3D) landmark coordinates. Two observers collected 19 homologous cranial landmarks from three skulls during three separate digitizing sessions. Statistical analysis was conducted on the 171 interlandmark distances (ILDs) derived from the original coordinate data. A mixed model ANOVA detected significant within-subject error in 54 of the 171 ILDs (i.e., 32%). A GLM procedure revealed significant between-observer variation in 14 ILDs and significant observer-by-session differences in 13 ILDs. The majority of these differences involved ILDs with type 3 landmarks as endpoints, such as euryon and alare. Unlike type 1 and 2 landmarks which are biologically informative in all directions, type 3 landmarks contain a substantial arbitrary component. Thus, it is not surprising type 3 landmarks displayed significant digitizing error. Given these results, we caution researchers to be mindful of type 3 landmarks measurement discrepancies when selecting landmarks for coordinate data evaluation.

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Allocation of Crania to Groups Via the “New Morphometry”

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Morphometric Analysis of the Neurocranium in an Adult South African Cadaveric Sample,

Morphometric Analysis of the Neurocranium in an Adult South African Cadaveric Sample,

A geometric morphometric study of regional differences in the ontogeny of the modern human facial skeleton†

Testing Repeatability and Error of Coordinate Landmark Data Acquired from Crania*

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