Allogeneic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Periodontal Regeneration

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the possibility of using local administration of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) to induce tissue regeneration in periodontal defects in a rat model of periodontitis. BMMSCs isolated from rats were mixed with 0.9% NaCl solution and injected into periodontal defects. Control groups were 0.9% NaCl solution or left untreated. The clinical assessments, x-rays, and histological examinations were used to evaluate the effect. At 12 wks post-transplantation, quantitative analysis revealed average probing bone loss values of 1.2 ± 0.19, 1.6 ± 0.2, and 1.7 ± 0.14; the bone regeneration rate was 53%, 45%, and 44% in the BMMSC+NaCl group, NaCl group, and untreated group, respectively. The clinical assessments, x-rays, and histological examinations revealed significant periodontal tissue regeneration in the BMMSC injection group, compared with the control groups. The ELISA results showed that TNFα, IFNγ, and IL1β were 2,674.88 ± 102.77 pg/mL vs. 3,422.1 ± 51.98 pg/mL, 609.85 ± 25.5 pg/mL vs. 803.79 ± 33.85 pg/mL, and 1,038.46 ± 76.29 pg/mL vs. 1,175.26 ± 105.55 pg/mL in the BMMSC+NaCl group and NaCl group, respectively, indicating that BMMSC injection inhibited the inflammatory factors TNFα, IFNγ, and IL1β. Our results indicate that local administration of BMMSCs can repair defects due to periodontitis, exerting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions.

Stem cell-based approaches in dentistry

“…2). The regenerative potential of autologous and allogeneic PDLSCs, as well as of DPSCs, SHEDs and bone marrow stem cells for the treatment of periodontitis has been also demonstrated in other animal models, such as the miniature swine and dog models (Ding et al, 2010;Du et al, 2014;Fu et al, 2014;Khorsand et al, 2013). In TA Mitsiadis et al Stem cells for dental clinical use Fig.…”

“…Currently, missing teeth are replaced with dental implants (Esposito et al, 2013). Their retention requires close contact of implants with the alveolar bone, a process called osseointegration (Branemark et al, 1977).…”

“…Most of dental implants are made of biocompatible titanium alloy and they are inserted into the bone after surgical intervention. The clinical success of implants depends on alveolar bone quality and dimensions, primary implant stability, time of masticatory loading, infections, and implant surface characteristics (Esposito et al, 2013;Esposito et al, 2007). Recent regenerative technologies using scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factor delivery have enhanced host tissue response and implant osseointegration (Naddeo et al, 2015;Pilipchuk et al, 2015).…”

“…However, traditional treatments continue to be applied in dental clinics since most of the proposed therapeutic approaches are still at the experimental level. For example, partial dental tissue repair techniques involve specialised dental materials with uncertain effectiveness and durability, while high-tech dental implants are used for tooth replacement (Esposito et al, 2013;Fron Chabouis et al, 2013). These materials are often used in conjunction with growth factors and molecules to enhance the regenerative capacity of dental and periodontal tissues (Pilipchuk et al, 2015).…”

Immunomodulatory Properties of PDLSC and Relevance to Periodontal Regeneration

“…However, Zhang et al reported that BMSCs exhibited stronger osteogenic differentiation than PDLSCs stimulated with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in vitro, indicating that BMSCs might have better immunomodulatory properties in the local microenvironment compared with PDLSCs [57]. Allogeneic BMSC transplantation into a mouse periodontal defect model has been reported to regenerate bone, cementum, and PDL while integrating into all three newly formed tissues [58], and locally suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1 [59]. These findings suggest that BMSC transplantation could also be feasible for periodontal regeneration, especially in alveolar bone regeneration under inflammatory conditions like those that occur after periodontal surgery for chronic periodontitis.…”